Sandbox:khurram

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Differentiating [disease name] from other diseases on the basis of [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]

On the basis [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3], [disease name] must be differentiated from [disease 1], [disease 2], [disease 3], [disease 4], [disease 5], and [disease 6].

Diseases	Clinical manifestations						Para-clinical findings								Gold standard	Additional findings
	Symptoms			Physical examination
							Lab Findings				Imaging			Histopathology
	Symptoms of DVT	Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism	Symptoms of Myocardial Infarction	Tenderness in extremities	Edema in extremities	Warmth in extremities	Platelet count	PT	aPTT	Bleeding time	Doppler ultrasound	Chest CT scan	Head CT with contrast
Antithrombin deficiency	+	+	-	+	+	+	-	-	- Increase in PTT after administration of heparin	-					Decreased plasma antithrombin (AT III) activity	Nephrotic syndrome Decreased inhibition of factor II and Xa Antithrombin is a natural anticoagulant that is lost in the urine
Factor V Leiden mutation	+	+	+	+	+	+			Increased							Inactivates factor Va and factor VIIIa
Protein C deficiency	+	+	-	+	+	+									Protein C functional assay	Factor VIII elevation in acute phase Functional assay should not be performed if patient is on warfarin Purpura fulminans (skin necrosis) could be a form of presentation
Protein S deficiency	+	+	-	+	+	+									Protein S free antigen assay	Post phlebtic syndrome Fetal loss When performing the gold standard test, beware of interference from samples positive for Factor V mutation, protein C deficiency and oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban)
Prothrombin gene mutation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)	+	+	+/-	+	+	+	Decreased	Increased	Increased	Increased					N/A	Elevated fibrin degradation products (D-dimers) Decreased fibrinogen Decreased factor V and VIII Shistocytes (helmet cells) on peripheral blood smear
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)