Vascular malformation: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01= Vascular malformations}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | | B01 | | | | B02 | | | | | B03 | | | | B04 | | | | | |B01=Simple vascular malformations|B02=Combined vascular malformations*|B03=Vascular malformations of major named vessels|B04=Vascular malformations asscoiated with other anomalies}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | | |)|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | |}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | C01 | | | C02 | | | C03 | | | C04 | | | C05 | | | | |C01=Capillary malformations (CM)|C02=Lymphatic malformations (LM)|C03=Venous malformations (VM)|C04=Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)|C05=Arteriovenous fistula}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D01 | |)| E01 | |)| F01 | |)| G01 | |)| H01 | | | |D01=Nevus simplex / salmon patch, “angel kiss”, “stork bite”|E01=<table> | |||
<tr><td>Common (cystic) LM </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Macrocystic LM<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Microcystic LM<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Mixed cystic LM<td></tr> | |||
</table>|F01=Common VM|G01=Sporadic|H01=Sporadic}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D02 | |)| E02 | |)| F02 | |)| G02 | |)| H02 | | | | |D02=<table> | |||
<tr><td>Cutaneous and/or mucosal CM (also known as “port-wine” stain) </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Nonsyndromic CM<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• CM with CNS and/or ocular anomalies (Sturge-Weber syndrome)<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• CM with bone and/or soft tissues overgrowth <td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Diffuse CM with overgrowth (DCMO) <td></tr> | |||
</table>|E02=Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA)<br>Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA)|F02=Familial VM cutaneo-mucosal (VMCM)|G02=In HHT|H02=In HHT|}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D03 | |)| E03 | |)| F03 | |)| G03 | |)| H03 | | | | | |D03=<table> | |||
<tr><td>Reticulate CM </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• CM of MIC-CAP (microcephaly-capillary malformation)<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• CM of MCAP (megalencephaly-capillary malformation-polymicrogyria)<td></tr> | |||
</table>|E03=LM in Gorham-Stout disease|F03=Blue rubber bleb nevus (Bean) syndrome VM|G03=In CM-AVM|H03=In CM-AVM|}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D04 | |)| E04 | |)| F04 | |`| G04 | |`| H04 | | | | | | |D04=CM of CM-AVM|E04=Channel type LM|F04=Glomuvenous malformation (GVM)|G04=Others|H04=Others|}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D05 | |)| E05 | |)| F05 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D05=Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC)|E05=“Acquired” progressive lymphatic anomaly (so called acquired progressive "lymphangioma")|F05=Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) |}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |)| D06 | |)| E06 | |)| F06 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D06=Others|E06=Primary lymphedema |F06=Familial intraosseous vascular malformation (VMOS)|}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | |`| D07 | |`| E07 | |)| F07 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |D07=<table> | |||
<tr><td>Telangiectasia </td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) <td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Others<td></tr> | |||
</table>|E07=Others|F07=Verrucous venous malformation (formerly verrucous hemangioma)|}} | |||
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{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | |`| F08 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |F08=Others|}} | |||
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===Combined Vascular Malformations=== | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + VM'''</td><td>Capillary-venous malformation</td><td>CVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + LM'''</td><td>Capillary-lymphatic malformation</td><td>CLM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + AVM'''</td><td>Capillary-arteriovenous malformation</td><td>CAVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''LM + VM'''</td><td>Lymphatic-venous malformation</td><td>LVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + LM + VM'''</td><td>Capillary-lymphatic-venous malformation</td><td>CLVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + LM + AVM'''</td><td>Capillary-lymphatic-arteriovenous malformation</td><td>CLVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + VM + AVM'''</td><td>Capillary-venous-arteriovenous malformation</td><td>CVAVM</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CM + LM + VM + AVM'''</td><td>Capillary-lymphatic-venous-arteriovenous malformation</td><td>CLVAVM</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Vascular Malformations of Major Named Vessels=== | |||
(also known as "channel type" or "truncal" vascular malformations) | |||
<table> | |||
<tr><td>Affect</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Lymphatics<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Veins</tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Arteries</tr> | |||
<tr><td>Anomalies of</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Origin<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Course<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Number<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Diameter (aplasia,<br>hypoplasia, stenosis,<br>ectasia / aneurysm)<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Valves<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Communication (AVF)<td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>• Persistence (of<br>embryonal vessel)<td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
===Vascular Malformations associated With other Anomalies=== | |||
<table class="wikitable"> | |||
<tr><td>'''Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome'''</td><td>CM + VM +/-LM + limb overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Parke's Weber syndrome'''</td><td>CM + AVF + limb overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Servelle-Martorell syndrome'''</td><td>Limb VM + bone undergrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Sturge-Weber syndrome'''</td><td>Facial + leptomeningeal CM + eye anomalies | |||
+/-bone and/or soft tissue overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Maffucci syndrome'''</td><td>VM +/-spindle-cell hemangioma + enchondroma</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''CLOVES syndrome'''</td><td>LM + VM + CM +/-AVM+ lipomatous overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Proteus syndrome'''</td><td>CM, VM and/or LM + asymmetrical somatic overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td>'''Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba sd'''</td><td>lower lip CM + face and neck LM + asymmetry and partial/generalized overgrowth</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td colspan="2">'''Limb CM + congenital non-progressive limb overgrowth'''</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td colspan="2">'''Macrocephaly-CM (M-CM / MCAP)'''</td></tr> | |||
<tr><td colspan="2">'''Microcephaly-CM (MICCAP)'''</td></tr> | |||
</table> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== |
Revision as of 17:31, 8 October 2018
Vascular Malformation |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2]
Vascular malformation | |
Classification and external resources | |
MeSH | D054079 |
---|
Overview
Vascular malformation is a blood vessel abnormality. There are many types, but the most common is arteriovenous malformation.[1] It may cause aesthetic problems as it has a growth cycle and can continue to grow throughout life. This is also known as Vascular giantism or lymphangiomas.
Classification
Vascular malformations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simple vascular malformations | Combined vascular malformations* | Vascular malformations of major named vessels | Vascular malformations asscoiated with other anomalies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capillary malformations (CM) | Lymphatic malformations (LM) | Venous malformations (VM) | Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) | Arteriovenous fistula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nevus simplex / salmon patch, “angel kiss”, “stork bite” |
| Common VM | Sporadic | Sporadic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) Kaposiform lymphangiomatosis (KLA) | Familial VM cutaneo-mucosal (VMCM) | In HHT | In HHT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LM in Gorham-Stout disease | Blue rubber bleb nevus (Bean) syndrome VM | In CM-AVM | In CM-AVM | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CM of CM-AVM | Channel type LM | Glomuvenous malformation (GVM) | Others | Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC) | “Acquired” progressive lymphatic anomaly (so called acquired progressive "lymphangioma") | Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Others | Primary lymphedema | Familial intraosseous vascular malformation (VMOS) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Others | Verrucous venous malformation (formerly verrucous hemangioma) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Others | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Combined Vascular Malformations
CM + VM | Capillary-venous malformation | CVM |
CM + LM | Capillary-lymphatic malformation | CLM |
CM + AVM | Capillary-arteriovenous malformation | CAVM |
LM + VM | Lymphatic-venous malformation | LVM |
CM + LM + VM | Capillary-lymphatic-venous malformation | CLVM |
CM + LM + AVM | Capillary-lymphatic-arteriovenous malformation | CLVM |
CM + VM + AVM | Capillary-venous-arteriovenous malformation | CVAVM |
CM + LM + VM + AVM | Capillary-lymphatic-venous-arteriovenous malformation | CLVAVM |
Vascular Malformations of Major Named Vessels
(also known as "channel type" or "truncal" vascular malformations)
Affect | |
• Lymphatics | |
• Veins | |
• Arteries | |
Anomalies of | |
• Origin | |
• Course | |
• Number | |
• Diameter (aplasia, hypoplasia, stenosis, ectasia / aneurysm) | |
• Valves | |
• Communication (AVF) | |
• Persistence (of embryonal vessel) |
Vascular Malformations associated With other Anomalies
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome | CM + VM +/-LM + limb overgrowth |
Parke's Weber syndrome | CM + AVF + limb overgrowth |
Servelle-Martorell syndrome | Limb VM + bone undergrowth |
Sturge-Weber syndrome | Facial + leptomeningeal CM + eye anomalies +/-bone and/or soft tissue overgrowth |
Maffucci syndrome | VM +/-spindle-cell hemangioma + enchondroma |
CLOVES syndrome | LM + VM + CM +/-AVM+ lipomatous overgrowth |
Proteus syndrome | CM, VM and/or LM + asymmetrical somatic overgrowth |
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba sd | lower lip CM + face and neck LM + asymmetry and partial/generalized overgrowth |
Limb CM + congenital non-progressive limb overgrowth | |
Macrocephaly-CM (M-CM / MCAP) | |
Microcephaly-CM (MICCAP) |
See also
References
{{Reflist|2}