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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AHS}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease. It usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis. In the Western world, about 15% of all people have gallstones in their gallbladder but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms. Over ten&nbsp;years, 15–26% will suffer one or more episodes of [[biliary colic]] (abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract), and 2–3% will develop complications of obstruction: [[acute pancreatitis]], [[cholecystitis]] or acute cholangitis<ref name="pmid103817132">{{cite journal| author=Bateson MC| title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 318 | issue= 7200 | pages= 1745-8 | pmid=10381713 | doi= | pmc=1116086 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10381713  }}</ref>. 0.5-2.4 percent people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP. Mortality rate of acute cholangitis after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000 people<ref name="pmid23307004" />.
Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease. It usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis. In the Western world, about 15000 out of 100,000 of all people have gallstones in their gallbladder but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms. Over ten&nbsp;years, 15000 to 26000 out of 100,000 will suffer one or more episodes of [[biliary colic]] (abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract), and 2000-3000 out of 100,000 will develop complications of obstruction: [[acute pancreatitis]], [[cholecystitis]] or acute cholangitis. 500 to 2400 patients out of 100,000 people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP. Mortality rate of acute cholangitis after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000 people.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


=== Prevalence ===
=== Prevalence ===
* Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease
* Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease.<ref name="pmid103817132">{{cite journal| author=Bateson MC| title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 318 | issue= 7200 | pages= 1745-8 | pmid=10381713 | doi= | pmc=1116086 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10381713  }}</ref>
* Usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis
* Usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis.
* Within a span of ten years, 15–26% of people will suffer at least one episode of [[biliary colic]] ([[abdominal pain]] due to the passage of [[gallstones]] through the [[bile duct]] into the [[Gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]]).
* Within a span of ten years,15000 to 26000 out of 100,000 people will suffer at least one episode of [[biliary colic]] ([[abdominal pain]] due to the passage of [[gallstones]] through the [[bile duct]] into the [[Gastrointestinal tract|digestive tract]]).
* 2–3 percent of people may develop complications of obstruction in the form of acute cholangitis.
* 2000-3000 out of 100,000 people may develop complications of obstruction in the form of acute cholangitis.
* 0.5-2.4 percent people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP
* 500 to 2400 patients out of 100,000 people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP.


=== Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate ===
=== Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate ===
* The mortality rate by acute cholangitis has decreased significantly since 1980
* The mortality rate by acute cholangitis has decreased significantly since 1980.<ref name="pmid23307004" />
* Mortality rate after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000<ref name="pmid23307004">{{cite journal| author=Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ et al.| title=TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. | journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 8-23 | pmid=23307004 | doi=10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307004  }}</ref>
* Mortality rate after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000.<ref name="pmid23307004">{{cite journal| author=Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ et al.| title=TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis. | journal=J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci | year= 2013 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 8-23 | pmid=23307004 | doi=10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23307004  }}</ref>


=== Age ===
=== Age ===
* Risk is higher with advanced age particularly more than 70 years<ref name="pmid20981214">{{cite journal| author=Yeom DH, Oh HJ, Son YW, Kim TH| title=What are the risk factors for acute suppurative cholangitis caused by common bile duct stones? | journal=Gut Liver | year= 2010 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 363-7 | pmid=20981214 | doi=10.5009/gnl.2010.4.3.363 | pmc=2956349 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20981214  }}</ref>.
* Risk is higher with advanced age particularly more than 70 years.<ref name="pmid20981214">{{cite journal| author=Yeom DH, Oh HJ, Son YW, Kim TH| title=What are the risk factors for acute suppurative cholangitis caused by common bile duct stones? | journal=Gut Liver | year= 2010 | volume= 4 | issue= 3 | pages= 363-7 | pmid=20981214 | doi=10.5009/gnl.2010.4.3.363 | pmc=2956349 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20981214  }}</ref>


=== Race ===
=== Race ===
* More commonly seen in Latin-Americans and Native American<ref name="pmid10381713">{{cite journal| author=Bateson MC| title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 318 | issue= 7200 | pages= 1745-8 | pmid=10381713 | doi= | pmc=1116086 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10381713  }}</ref>, However anyone can be affected by the disease
* More commonly seen in Latin-Americans and Native American, however anyone can be affected by the disease.<ref name="pmid10381713">{{cite journal| author=Bateson MC| title=Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease. | journal=BMJ | year= 1999 | volume= 318 | issue= 7200 | pages= 1745-8 | pmid=10381713 | doi= | pmc=1116086 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10381713  }}</ref>


=== Gender ===
=== Gender ===
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=== Region ===
=== Region ===
* The majority of the cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (also known as Oriental Cholangioheaptitis) are generally reported in Southeast Asia<ref>STOCK FE, FUNG JHY, KONG H. Oriental Cholangiohepatitis. ''Arch Surg.'' 1962;84(4):409–412. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1962.01300220033004</ref>
* The majority of the cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (also known as oriental cholangioheaptitis) are generally reported in Southeast Asia.<ref>STOCK FE, FUNG JHY, KONG H. Oriental Cholangiohepatitis. ''Arch Surg.'' 1962;84(4):409–412. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1962.01300220033004</ref>
 
=== Developed Countries ===
In the Western world, about 15% of all people have gallstones in their gallbladder but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms. Over ten&nbsp;years, 15–26% will suffer one or more episodes of [[biliary colic]] (abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract), and 2–3% will develop complications of obstruction: [[acute pancreatitis]], [[cholecystitis]] or acute cholangitis


=== Developing Countries ===
=== Developing Countries ===

Latest revision as of 22:25, 15 October 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anila Hussain, MD [2]

Overview

Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease. It usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis. In the Western world, about 15000 out of 100,000 of all people have gallstones in their gallbladder but the majority are unaware of this and have no symptoms. Over ten years, 15000 to 26000 out of 100,000 will suffer one or more episodes of biliary colic (abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract), and 2000-3000 out of 100,000 will develop complications of obstruction: acute pancreatitis, cholecystitis or acute cholangitis. 500 to 2400 patients out of 100,000 people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP. Mortality rate of acute cholangitis after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000 people.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

  • Ascending cholangitis is a relatively uncommon disease.[1]
  • Usually occurs following other diseases that lead to biliary infection and stasis.
  • Within a span of ten years,15000 to 26000 out of 100,000 people will suffer at least one episode of biliary colic (abdominal pain due to the passage of gallstones through the bile duct into the digestive tract).
  • 2000-3000 out of 100,000 people may develop complications of obstruction in the form of acute cholangitis.
  • 500 to 2400 patients out of 100,000 people can develop acute cholangitis following ERCP.

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • The mortality rate by acute cholangitis has decreased significantly since 1980.[2]
  • Mortality rate after the year 2000 was found to be 2700-10,000 per 100,000.[2]

Age

  • Risk is higher with advanced age particularly more than 70 years.[3]

Race

  • More commonly seen in Latin-Americans and Native American, however anyone can be affected by the disease.[4]

Gender

  • Ascending cholangitis affects men and women equally although the gallstones are more frequently seen in women.

Region

  • The majority of the cases of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (also known as oriental cholangioheaptitis) are generally reported in Southeast Asia.[5]

Developing Countries

Parasitic infections, specifically including the species Ascaris, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis, Fasciola and Echinococcus, are commonly associated with cholangitis outside of the United States.

References

  1. ↑ Bateson MC (1999). "Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease". BMJ. 318 (7200): 1745–8. PMC 1116086. PMID 10381713.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kimura Y, Takada T, Strasberg SM, Pitt HA, Gouma DJ, Garden OJ; et al. (2013). "TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis". J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 20 (1): 8–23. doi:10.1007/s00534-012-0564-0. PMID 23307004.
  3. ↑ Yeom DH, Oh HJ, Son YW, Kim TH (2010). "What are the risk factors for acute suppurative cholangitis caused by common bile duct stones?". Gut Liver. 4 (3): 363–7. doi:10.5009/gnl.2010.4.3.363. PMC 2956349. PMID 20981214.
  4. ↑ Bateson MC (1999). "Fortnightly review: gallbladder disease". BMJ. 318 (7200): 1745–8. PMC 1116086. PMID 10381713.
  5. ↑ STOCK FE, FUNG JHY, KONG H. Oriental Cholangiohepatitis. Arch Surg. 1962;84(4):409–412. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1962.01300220033004

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