Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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***Cigarette smoke has been found to increase the probability of developing ALS through inflammation, [[oxidative stress]], and [[neurotoxicity]] by [[heavy metal]]<nowiki/>s contained in [[cigarettes]].<ref name="pmid25416777">{{cite journal| author=Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Tang F, Siedlak SL, Fujioka H et al.| title=MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons. | journal=J Biol Chem | year= 2015 | volume= 290 | issue= 1 | pages= 168-82 | pmid=25416777 | doi=10.1074/jbc.M114.617167 | pmc=4281719 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25416777 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19372290">{{cite journal| author=Weisskopf MG, Morozova N, O'Reilly EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ et al.| title=Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 5 | pages= 558-61 | pmid=19372290 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.2008.156976 | pmc=2765376 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19372290 }} </ref> | ***Cigarette smoke has been found to increase the probability of developing ALS through inflammation, [[oxidative stress]], and [[neurotoxicity]] by [[heavy metal]]<nowiki/>s contained in [[cigarettes]].<ref name="pmid25416777">{{cite journal| author=Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Tang F, Siedlak SL, Fujioka H et al.| title=MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons. | journal=J Biol Chem | year= 2015 | volume= 290 | issue= 1 | pages= 168-82 | pmid=25416777 | doi=10.1074/jbc.M114.617167 | pmc=4281719 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25416777 }} </ref><ref name="pmid19372290">{{cite journal| author=Weisskopf MG, Morozova N, O'Reilly EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ et al.| title=Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2009 | volume= 80 | issue= 5 | pages= 558-61 | pmid=19372290 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.2008.156976 | pmc=2765376 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19372290 }} </ref> | ||
**Chemical exposure | **Chemical exposure | ||
**Radiation | ***ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, [[fertilizers]], [[herbicide]]s, [[insecticides]], and [[formaldehyde]]. | ||
**[[Radiation]] | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ||
Revision as of 15:01, 16 October 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
- Smoking
- Cigarette smoke has been found to increase the probability of developing ALS through inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity by heavy metals contained in cigarettes.[1][2]
- Chemical exposure
- ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and formaldehyde.
- Radiation
- Smoking
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
- [Risk factor 1]
- [Risk factor 2]
- [Risk factor 3]
References
- ↑ Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Tang F, Siedlak SL, Fujioka H; et al. (2015). "MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons". J Biol Chem. 290 (1): 168–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.617167. PMC 4281719. PMID 25416777.
- ↑ Weisskopf MG, Morozova N, O'Reilly EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ; et al. (2009). "Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 80 (5): 558–61. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156976. PMC 2765376. PMID 19372290.