Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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**Chemical exposure | **Chemical exposure | ||
***ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, [[fertilizers]], [[herbicide]]s, [[insecticides]], and [[formaldehyde]].<ref name="pmid8573965">{{cite journal| author=Welty DF, Schielke GP, Rothstein JD| title=Potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with gabapentin: a hypothesis. | journal=Ann Pharmacother | year= 1995 | volume= 29 | issue= 11 | pages= 1164-7 | pmid=8573965 | doi=10.1177/106002809502901118 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8573965 }} </ref> | ***ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, [[fertilizers]], [[herbicide]]s, [[insecticides]], and [[formaldehyde]].<ref name="pmid8573965">{{cite journal| author=Welty DF, Schielke GP, Rothstein JD| title=Potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with gabapentin: a hypothesis. | journal=Ann Pharmacother | year= 1995 | volume= 29 | issue= 11 | pages= 1164-7 | pmid=8573965 | doi=10.1177/106002809502901118 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8573965 }} </ref> | ||
***Among all the [[heavy metals]] that might be associated with ALS, [[lead]] exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of [[lead]].<ref name="pmid11964933">{{cite journal| author=Kamel F, Umbach DM, Munsat TL, Shefner JM, Hu H, Sandler DP| title=Lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | journal=Epidemiology | year= 2002 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 311-9 | pmid=11964933 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11964933 }} </ref> | |||
**[[Radiation]] | **[[Radiation]] | ||
**[[Diet]] | |||
***High level of [[glutamate]] and fat can have adverse effects on ALS patients while [[Omega 3]] fatty acids, [[Vitamin E]], and [[fiber]] can have defensive impact. | |||
===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ===Less Common Risk Factors=== | ||
Revision as of 15:08, 16 October 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
- Smoking
- Cigarette smoke has been found to increase the probability of developing ALS through inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity by heavy metals contained in cigarettes.[1][2]
- Chemical exposure
- ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and formaldehyde.[3]
- Among all the heavy metals that might be associated with ALS, lead exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of lead.[4]
- Radiation
- Diet
- Smoking
Less Common Risk Factors
- Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
- [Risk factor 1]
- [Risk factor 2]
- [Risk factor 3]
References
- ↑ Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Tang F, Siedlak SL, Fujioka H; et al. (2015). "MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons". J Biol Chem. 290 (1): 168–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.617167. PMC 4281719. PMID 25416777.
- ↑ Weisskopf MG, Morozova N, O'Reilly EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ; et al. (2009). "Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 80 (5): 558–61. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156976. PMC 2765376. PMID 19372290.
- ↑ Welty DF, Schielke GP, Rothstein JD (1995). "Potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with gabapentin: a hypothesis". Ann Pharmacother. 29 (11): 1164–7. doi:10.1177/106002809502901118. PMID 8573965.
- ↑ Kamel F, Umbach DM, Munsat TL, Shefner JM, Hu H, Sandler DP (2002). "Lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Epidemiology. 13 (3): 311–9. PMID 11964933.