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Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Air embolism}} {{CMG}} ==Overview== ==Primary Prevention== ==References== {{reflist|2}} Category:Emergency medicine Category:Pulmonology {{WH}} {{WS}}"
 
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==Primary Prevention==
==Primary Prevention==
During Venous catheter placement:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Colin J. McCarthy]], [[Sasan Behravesh]], [[Sailendra G. Naidu]] & [[Rahmi Oklu]]
| title = Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment
| journal = [[Journal of clinical medicine]]
| volume = 5
| issue = 11
| year = 2016
| month = October
| doi = 10.3390/jcm5110093
| pmid = 27809224
}}</ref>
*Place patient in Trendelenburg position
**this increases the CVP
*Adequate hydration <ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[C. M. Domaingue]]
| title = Neurosurgery in the sitting position: a case series
| journal = [[Anaesthesia and intensive care]]
| volume = 33
| issue = 3
| pages = 332–335
| year = 2005
| month = June
| pmid = 15973915
}}</ref>
*Avoid placement during inspiration
*Flush catheter lumens
During Venous catheter removal:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Colin J. McCarthy]], [[Sasan Behravesh]], [[Sailendra G. Naidu]] & [[Rahmi Oklu]]
| title = Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment
| journal = [[Journal of clinical medicine]]
| volume = 5
| issue = 11
| year = 2016
| month = October
| doi = 10.3390/jcm5110093
| pmid = 27809224
}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[P. Ingram]], [[Linda Sinclair]] & [[Toby Edwards]]
| title = The safe removal of central venous catheters
| journal = [[Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)]]
| volume = 20
| issue = 49
| pages = 42–46
| year = 2006
| month = August
| doi = 10.7748/ns2006.08.20.49.42.c4483
| pmid = 16939143
}}</ref>
*Place patient in Trendelenburg position
*Remove Catheter during valsalva or expiration
*Cover site and apply pressure for 5-10 minutes
*Patient should remain supine for 30 minutes post procedure
During other Invasive procedures:<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[Colin J. McCarthy]], [[Sasan Behravesh]], [[Sailendra G. Naidu]] & [[Rahmi Oklu]]
| title = Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment
| journal = [[Journal of clinical medicine]]
| volume = 5
| issue = 11
| year = 2016
| month = October
| doi = 10.3390/jcm5110093
| pmid = 27809224
}}</ref>
*Use of a flush in a closed system
*Prime tubing with saline
*No air should be present in syringes
*Intra operative use of precordial doppler
*Avoid use of Nitrous oxide during abdominal procedures
*"park bench position" should be used for surgeries performed in the sitting position<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[T. Mammoto]], [[Y. Hayashi]], [[Y. Ohnishi]] & [[M. Kuro]]
| title = Incidence of venous and paradoxical air embolism in neurosurgical patients in the sitting position: detection by transesophageal echocardiography
| journal = [[Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica]]
| volume = 42
| issue = 6
| pages = 643–647
| year = 1998
| month = July
| pmid = 9689268
}}</ref>
*Use of Reverse Trendelenburg position during Cesarian section<ref>{{Cite journal
| author = [[J. Fong]], [[F. Gadalla]] & [[M. Druzin]]
| title = Venous emboli occurring caesarean section: the effect of patient position
| journal = [[Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie]]
| volume = 38
| issue = 2
| pages = 191–195
| year = 1991
| month = March
| pmid = 2021988
}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:23, 23 October 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Primary Prevention

During Venous catheter placement:[1]

  • Place patient in Trendelenburg position
    • this increases the CVP
  • Adequate hydration [2]
  • Avoid placement during inspiration
  • Flush catheter lumens

During Venous catheter removal:[3] [4]

  • Place patient in Trendelenburg position
  • Remove Catheter during valsalva or expiration
  • Cover site and apply pressure for 5-10 minutes
  • Patient should remain supine for 30 minutes post procedure

During other Invasive procedures:[5]

  • Use of a flush in a closed system
  • Prime tubing with saline
  • No air should be present in syringes
  • Intra operative use of precordial doppler
  • Avoid use of Nitrous oxide during abdominal procedures
  • "park bench position" should be used for surgeries performed in the sitting position[6]
  • Use of Reverse Trendelenburg position during Cesarian section[7]

References

  1. ↑ Colin J. McCarthy, Sasan Behravesh, Sailendra G. Naidu & Rahmi Oklu (2016). "Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment". Journal of clinical medicine. 5 (11). doi:10.3390/jcm5110093. PMID 27809224. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ C. M. Domaingue (2005). "Neurosurgery in the sitting position: a case series". Anaesthesia and intensive care. 33 (3): 332–335. PMID 15973915. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Colin J. McCarthy, Sasan Behravesh, Sailendra G. Naidu & Rahmi Oklu (2016). "Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment". Journal of clinical medicine. 5 (11). doi:10.3390/jcm5110093. PMID 27809224. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ P. Ingram, Linda Sinclair & Toby Edwards (2006). "The safe removal of central venous catheters". Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987). 20 (49): 42–46. doi:10.7748/ns2006.08.20.49.42.c4483. PMID 16939143. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Colin J. McCarthy, Sasan Behravesh, Sailendra G. Naidu & Rahmi Oklu (2016). "Air Embolism: Practical Tips for Prevention and Treatment". Journal of clinical medicine. 5 (11). doi:10.3390/jcm5110093. PMID 27809224. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ T. Mammoto, Y. Hayashi, Y. Ohnishi & M. Kuro (1998). "Incidence of venous and paradoxical air embolism in neurosurgical patients in the sitting position: detection by transesophageal echocardiography". Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 42 (6): 643–647. PMID 9689268. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ J. Fong, F. Gadalla & M. Druzin (1991). "Venous emboli occurring caesarean section: the effect of patient position". Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie. 38 (2): 191–195. PMID 2021988. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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