Adult T-cell leukemia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

Based on both the clinical presentation and laboratory findings, adult T-cell leukemia may be classified into either an acute variant, chronic variant, smoldering variant, or an adult T-cell lymphoma variant.

Classification

• Based on both the clinical presentation and laboratory findings, adult T-cell leukemia may be classified into either an acute variant, chronic variant, smouldering variant, or an adult T-cell lymphoma variant.
• The table below lists the adult T-cell leukemia clinical classification details:

Clinical Variant	Description
Acute adult T-cell leukemia	Leukemic clinical presentation Organomegaly present Markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level Hypercalcaemia
Chronic adult T-cell leukemia	Lymphocyte count greater than 4×109/L Cutaneous, pulmonary, and hepatic involvement Lymphadenopathy Normal serum LDH level (or less that twice the normal upper limit) Normal serum calcium level
Smoldering adult T-cell leukemia	Cutaneous and/or pulmonary infiltrates No other organ involvement Normal lymphocyte count (1–5% ATLL cells) Normal serum LDH level Normal serum calcium level
Adult T-cell lymphoma	Organomegaly present Less than 1% leukemic cells in the circulation Elevated serum LDH level Hypercalcemia