Waldenström's macroglobulinemia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include: | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include: | ||
* '''Complete blood count''': | * '''Complete blood count''': | ||
**Anemia | **Anemia | ||
***Seen in 40% of newly diagnosed patients and in 80% of symptomatic patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia | ***Seen in 40% of newly diagnosed patients and in 80% of symptomatic patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia | ||
| Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
**Lymphocytosis | **Lymphocytosis | ||
**Monocytosis | **Monocytosis | ||
* '''Peripheral smear''': | * '''Peripheral smear''': | ||
**Plasmacytoid lymphocytes | **Plasmacytoid lymphocytes | ||
**Normocytic normochromic red blood cells | **Normocytic normochromic red blood cells | ||
**[[Rouleaux]] formation | **[[Rouleaux]] formation | ||
* '''Serum and urine protein electrophoresis:''' | * '''Serum and urine protein electrophoresis:''' | ||
**Screening test for Waldenström macroglobulinemia <ref name="qwer">Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015 </ref> | **Screening test for Waldenström macroglobulinemia <ref name="qwer">Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015 </ref> | ||
**Detection of M spike | **Detection of M spike | ||
* '''Serum and urine immunofixation''' | * '''Serum and urine immunofixation''' | ||
**Confirmatory test for waldenström's macroglobulinemia<ref name="qwer">Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015 </ref> | **Confirmatory test for waldenström's macroglobulinemia<ref name="qwer">Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015 </ref> | ||
**Determines the IgM type of immunoglobulin | **Determines the IgM type of immunoglobulin | ||
* '''Chemistry Lab tests''' | * '''Chemistry Lab tests''' | ||
**Elevated [[beta-2-microglobulin]] in proportion to tumor mass | **Elevated [[beta-2-microglobulin]] in proportion to tumor mass | ||
**Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] | **Elevated [[lactate dehydrogenase]] | ||
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**[[Rheumatoid factor]], [[cryoglobulins]], direct anti-globulin test, and cold agglutinin titre results can be positive. | **[[Rheumatoid factor]], [[cryoglobulins]], direct anti-globulin test, and cold agglutinin titre results can be positive. | ||
**[[Coagulation studies]] can be abnormal with elevated [[prothrombin time]], [[activated partial thromboplastin time]], and [[thrombin time]]. | **[[Coagulation studies]] can be abnormal with elevated [[prothrombin time]], [[activated partial thromboplastin time]], and [[thrombin time]]. | ||
* '''Plasma viscosity''' | * '''Plasma viscosity''' | ||
**Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with [[hyperviscosity syndrome]] whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL. | **Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with [[hyperviscosity syndrome]] whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL. | ||
**The normal plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise. | **The normal plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise. | ||
Revision as of 01:51, 31 October 2018
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Waldenström's macroglobulinemia Microchapters |
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Differentiating Waldenström's macroglobulinemia from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mirdula Sharma, MBBS [2]Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[3]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia include any cytopenia, elevated LDH, and elevated Beta-2 microglobulin.
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include:
- Complete blood count:
- Anemia
- Seen in 40% of newly diagnosed patients and in 80% of symptomatic patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
- Multifactorial causes including: decreased RBC synthesis due to bone marrow infiltration, iron deficiency due to gastrointestinal bleeding, chronic inflammation.
- Thrombocytopenia
- Due to bone marrow infiltration
- Due to bone marrow infiltration
- Neutropenia
- Due to bone marrow infiltration
- Lymphocytosis
- Monocytosis
- Anemia
- Peripheral smear:
- Plasmacytoid lymphocytes
- Normocytic normochromic red blood cells
- Rouleaux formation
- Serum and urine protein electrophoresis:
- Screening test for Waldenström macroglobulinemia [1]
- Detection of M spike
- Serum and urine immunofixation
- Confirmatory test for waldenström's macroglobulinemia[1]
- Determines the IgM type of immunoglobulin
- Chemistry Lab tests
- Elevated beta-2-microglobulin in proportion to tumor mass
- Elevated lactate dehydrogenase
- Elevated creatinine
- Electrolyte abnormalities:
- Hypercalcemia(4%)
- Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and uric acid
- Total protein levels
- Albumin-to-globulin ratio
- Rheumatoid factor, cryoglobulins, direct anti-globulin test, and cold agglutinin titre results can be positive.
- Coagulation studies can be abnormal with elevated prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time.
- Plasma viscosity
- Plasma viscosity should be measured in patients presenting with hyperviscosity syndrome whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is >4 g/dL.
- The normal plasma viscosity is 1.8 centipoise.
- Patient presents with hyperviscosity symptoms with viscosity >4 centipoise.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Waldenström macroglobulinaemia. American Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-diagnosis Accessed on November 15th, 2015