Horseshoe kidney classification: Difference between revisions
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==== Classification according to the morphological appearance: ==== | ==== Classification according to the morphological appearance: ==== | ||
According to the morphological appearance of fusion,horseshoe kidney is classified into three types:<ref name="pmid24178305">{{cite journal| author=Natsis K, Piagkou M, Skotsimara A, Protogerou V, Tsitouridis I, Skandalakis P| title=Horseshoe kidney: a review of anatomy and pathology. | journal=Surg Radiol Anat | year= 2014 | volume= 36 | issue= 6 | pages= 517-26 | pmid=24178305 | doi=10.1007/s00276-013-1229-7 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24178305 }}</ref> | |||
* 'U' Shaped, when the lower poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column,fuse together. | |||
* Inverted 'U' shaped when upper poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column, fuse together. | * Inverted 'U' shaped when upper poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column, fuse together. | ||
* 'L' Shaped when one asymmetrical vertically placed kidney fuse with another asymmetrical horizontally placed kidney leading to 'L' shape. | * 'L' Shaped when one asymmetrical vertically placed kidney fuse with another asymmetrical horizontally placed kidney leading to 'L' shape. | ||
Revision as of 08:38, 3 November 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Horseshoe kidney may be classified into three groups based on:
- morphological appearance of fusion,
- Site of the fusion,
- Vascular supply or angiographic appearance of the vessels.
Classification
Classification according to the morphological appearance:
According to the morphological appearance of fusion,horseshoe kidney is classified into three types:[1]
- 'U' Shaped, when the lower poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column,fuse together.
- Inverted 'U' shaped when upper poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column, fuse together.
- 'L' Shaped when one asymmetrical vertically placed kidney fuse with another asymmetrical horizontally placed kidney leading to 'L' shape.
Classification according to the site of fusion:
Horseshoe kidney can also be be classified into two groups, based on the site of fusion:[2][3]
- Symmetrical (mid line fusion)
- Asymmetrical (lateral fusion)
Classification according to the vascular supply:
Graves described 6 basic patterns of arterial supply in horseshoe kidney, by means of resin cast:
[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on:
- [Classification method 1]
- [Classification method 2]
- [Classification method 3]
OR
Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
OR
If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
OR
The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
OR
There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].
References
- ↑ Natsis K, Piagkou M, Skotsimara A, Protogerou V, Tsitouridis I, Skandalakis P (2014). "Horseshoe kidney: a review of anatomy and pathology". Surg Radiol Anat. 36 (6): 517–26. doi:10.1007/s00276-013-1229-7. PMID 24178305.
- ↑ Cook WA, Stephens FD (1977). "Fused kidneys: morphologic study and theory of embryogenesis". Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 13 (5): 327–40. PMID 588702.
- ↑ Papin E, Eisendrath DN (1927). "CLASSIFICATION OF RENAL AND URETERAL ANOMALIES". Ann Surg. 85 (5): 735–56. PMC 1399333. PMID 17865673.