Optic neuritis: Difference between revisions
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*During late twentieth century, the development of [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and the results from recent clinical trials, discovered the relationship between optic neuritis and [[multiple sclerosis]].<ref name="pmid11756864">{{cite journal |vauthors=Volpe NJ |title=Optic neuritis: historical aspects |journal=J Neuroophthalmol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=302–9 |date=December 2001 |pmid=11756864 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *During late twentieth century, the development of [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and the results from recent clinical trials, discovered the relationship between optic neuritis and [[multiple sclerosis]].<ref name="pmid11756864">{{cite journal |vauthors=Volpe NJ |title=Optic neuritis: historical aspects |journal=J Neuroophthalmol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=302–9 |date=December 2001 |pmid=11756864 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Optic neuritis may be classified into atypical or typical subtypes based on its clinical features. | |||
*[ | *Atypical optic neuritis entails clinical manifestations that deviate from classic pattern of optic neuritis features. | ||
*[ | *Atypical features to consider include: | ||
* | **Lack of [[pain]] | ||
**Simultaneous or near-simultaneous onset | |||
**Lack of response to or relapse upon tapering from [[corticosteroids]] | |||
**Optic neuritis due nerve head or peripapillary hemorrhages | |||
* | * | ||
Revision as of 16:43, 5 November 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Optic neuritis was first discovered by von Graefe and Nettleship, in late nineteenth century when ophthalmoscopy became part of the ophthalmic examination.[1]
- The association between systemic sclerosis and optic neuritis was made by the early 1900's but there was much controversy and misunderstanding about its differential diagnosis, pathogenesis, and possible treatment.[1]
- Optic neuritis was first distinguished from infectious,hereditary, toxic, nutritional, and ischemic optic neuropathies during the twentieth century.[1]
- During late twentieth century, the development of MRI and the results from recent clinical trials, discovered the relationship between optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.[1]
Classification
Optic neuritis may be classified into atypical or typical subtypes based on its clinical features.
- Atypical optic neuritis entails clinical manifestations that deviate from classic pattern of optic neuritis features.
- Atypical features to consider include:
- Lack of pain
- Simultaneous or near-simultaneous onset
- Lack of response to or relapse upon tapering from corticosteroids
- Optic neuritis due nerve head or peripapillary hemorrhages
Pathophysiology
Causes
Common Causes
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
- [Cause1]
- [Cause2]
- [Cause3]
Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 18–45 years of age, with a mean age of 30–35 years. There is a strong female predominance. The annual incidence is approximately 5/100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115/100,000.[2]
Age
Gender
Race
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Prevention
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.
- ↑ Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.