Scoliosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation (tethered spinal cord) and leg length discrepancy.
Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.
==Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases==
*Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes  spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.<ref name="pmid28786774">{{cite journal| author=Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP| title=Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider. | journal=Neuroradiol J | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-404 | pmid=28786774 | doi=10.1177/1971400917697503 | pmc=5602330 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28786774  }} </ref><ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
*Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes  spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.<ref name="pmid28786774">{{cite journal| author=Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP| title=Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider. | journal=Neuroradiol J | year= 2017 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 393-404 | pmid=28786774 | doi=10.1177/1971400917697503 | pmc=5602330 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28786774  }} </ref><ref>Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
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{|
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Diseases
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Clinical manifestations'''
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Clinical manifestations'''
! colspan="7" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Para-clinical findings
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Para-clinical findings
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Gold standard'''
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Additional findings
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings
|-
|-
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|'''Symptoms'''
| colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Symptoms'''
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical examination
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination
|-
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab Findings
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Histopathology
|-  
|-  
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Atypical Curve
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 2
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Muscle weakness
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Symptom 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Numbness and tingling
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Motor and sensory anormalities
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 2
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Abnormal reflexes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Physical exam 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Babinski sign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |X-ray
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 2
(PA and Lateral view of spine)
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Lab 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |M.R.I.
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 1
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging 3
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 2
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;|Imaging 3
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 1
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Syringomyelia
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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* Rib or vertebral abnormalities may be
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Abnormality that may be causing the deformity.
* Enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |M.R.I.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Impaired ambulation and loss of penile erection when syrinx involves lumbosacral area.
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Spina bifida
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |+/-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Incomplete union of the posterior elements of vertebral levels
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Various degrees of failure of neural tube closure.
* Posterior sac contains meninges and/or spinal cord.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Swelling on the back.
* Tuft of hair.
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 3
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Arnold-chiari malformation
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
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! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" |Physical exam 2
!Physical exam 3
!Physical exam 3
!Lab 1
!Lab 2
!Lab 3
!Imaging 1
!Imaging 1
!Imaging 2
!Imaging 2
!Imaging 3
!Imaging 3
!Histopathology
|'''Gold standard'''
|'''Gold standard'''
!Additional findings
!Additional findings
|-
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 4
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 4
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 5
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 5
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 6
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Differential Diagnosis 6
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Revision as of 15:58, 30 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.

Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases

  • Scoliosis must be differentiated from other diseases that causes spinal deformity, neurologic abnormalities and gait abnormalities, such as syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy.[1][2]


Preferred Table

Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Imaging
Atypical Curve Muscle weakness Numbness and tingling Motor and sensory anormalities Abnormal reflexes Babinski sign X-ray

(PA and Lateral view of spine)

M.R.I. Imaging 3
Syringomyelia + + + + + +
  • Rib or vertebral abnormalities may be
  • Abnormality that may be causing the deformity.
  • Enlargement of the central canal of the spinal cord.
 M.R.I.
  • Impaired ambulation and loss of penile erection when syrinx involves lumbosacral area.
Spina bifida + +/- +/- +/- +/- +/-
  • Incomplete union of the posterior elements of vertebral levels
  • Various degrees of failure of neural tube closure.
  • Posterior sac contains meninges and/or spinal cord.
  • Swelling on the back.
  • Tuft of hair.
Arnold-chiari malformation
Diseases Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Physical exam 1 Physical exam 2 Physical exam 3 Imaging 1 Imaging 2 Imaging 3 Gold standard Additional findings
Differential Diagnosis 4
Differential Diagnosis 5
Differential Diagnosis 6

References

  1. ↑ Calloni SF, Huisman TA, Poretti A, Soares BP (2017). "Back pain and scoliosis in children: When to image, what to consider". Neuroradiol J. 30 (5): 393–404. doi:10.1177/1971400917697503. PMC 5602330. PMID 28786774.
  2. ↑ Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

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