Multiple myeloma x ray: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Multiple myeloma}} | {{Multiple myeloma}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}} {{shyam}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}}; {{shyam}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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Image:Multiple-myeloma-003.jpg|X ray spine showing increased space between 2 vertebrae suggestive of possible malignancy. | Image:Multiple-myeloma-003.jpg|X ray spine showing increased space between 2 vertebrae suggestive of possible malignancy. | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
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[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | [[Category:Neurosurgery]] | ||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Primary care]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
Revision as of 21:20, 3 December 2018
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Multiple myeloma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Multiple myeloma x ray On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Multiple myeloma x ray |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Multiple myeloma x ray |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]; Shyam Patel [3]
Overview
X-ray may be helpful in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Findings on X-ray suggestive of multiple myeloma include punched out bony lesions, generalized osteopenia, and hair-on-end appearance.[1][2] In some cases, MRI may be needed if X-ray is insufficient for diagnosis.
X-ray
- Simple radiography is the current gold standard for the initial diagnosis and evaluation of lytic lesions of multiple myeloma.[1]
- The long bones and the spine must always be evaluated while the evaluation of other bones merit consideration based on the patient's symptoms.
- A series of plain films, or skeletal survey, is essential in not only the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, but also in assessing response, and pre-empting potential complications (e.g. pathological fractures).
Skeletal survey
- A typical skeletal survey consists of the following films:
- Lateral skull
- Frontal chest film
- Cervico-thoraco-lumbar spine
- Shoulder
- Pelvis
- Femur
- Humerus
- The vast majority of lesions seen on plain radiography are purely lytic. Lytic lesions are sharply defined and "punched-out" in appearance, with endosteal scalloping when abutting cortex. The lesions are sclerotic in only 3% of patients.
- The X-ray is the most inexpensive diagnostic modality for lytic lesions. In some cases, MRI may be warranted, as MRI has a higher sensitivity than X-ray.
- X-rays should be avoided in pregnant patients with multiple myeloma. MRI can be done instead.
- Shown below are images depicting the involvement of skull and spinal cord respectively in a case of multiple myeloma.
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X ray showing hair on end appearance. -
X ray spine showing collapsed vertebrae. -
X ray spine showing increased space between 2 vertebrae suggestive of possible malignancy.
