Myelofibrosis CT: Difference between revisions

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*CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis.
*CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis.
*Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis can be divided into scans of different locations such as:
*Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis can be divided into scans of different locations such as:
===Skeletal CT Findings===
*Diffuse osteosclerosis<ref name="pmid10460376">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guermazi A, de Kerviler E, Cazals-Hatem D, Zagdanski AM, Frija J |title=Imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis |journal=Eur Radiol |volume=9 |issue=7 |pages=1366–75 |date=1999 |pmid=10460376 |doi=10.1007/s003300050850 |url=}}</ref>
*Sandwich vertebrae (increased radiodensity or condensation of bone at the superior and inferior margins of the vertebral body)
===Chest CT Findings===
*Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis manifesting as:
:*Atypical diffuse groundglass opacity<ref name="pmid27883206">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yang M, Roarke M |title=Diffuse pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis diagnosed with technetium-99m sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy and single photon emission computerized tomography/CT |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=92 |issue=3 |pages=323–324 |date=March 2017 |pmid=27883206 |doi=10.1002/ajh.24616 |url=}}</ref>
:*Pulmonary nodules
:*Interstitial thickening
:*Multiple soft tissue masses in bilateral thoracic cavities<ref name="pmid26881631">{{cite journal |vauthors=Qiu D, Hu X, Xu L, Guo X |title=Extramedullary hematopoiesis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with thalassemia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report and literature review |journal=J Cancer Res Ther |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=1034 |date=2015 |pmid=26881631 |doi=10.4103/0973-1482.150359 |url=}}</ref>
===Abdominal CT Findings===
===Abdominal CT Findings===
*Thrombus formation in the visceral vasculature<ref name="pmid29631428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magyari F, Bedekovics J, Décsy J, Ilonczai P, Illés Á, Simon Z |title=[Investigation and treatment of prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis. A case study] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=159 |issue=15 |pages=603–609 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29631428 |doi=10.1556/650.2018.30995 |url=}}</ref>
*Thrombus formation in the visceral vasculature<ref name="pmid29631428">{{cite journal |vauthors=Magyari F, Bedekovics J, Décsy J, Ilonczai P, Illés Á, Simon Z |title=[Investigation and treatment of prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis. A case study] |language=Hungarian |journal=Orv Hetil |volume=159 |issue=15 |pages=603–609 |date=April 2018 |pmid=29631428 |doi=10.1556/650.2018.30995 |url=}}</ref>
*Bilateral renal enlargement (as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis)<ref name="pmid28895103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imai K, Aoi T, Kitai H, Endo N, Fujino M, Ichida S |title=A case of perirenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis |journal=CEN Case Rep |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=194–199 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28895103 |pmc=5694411 |doi=10.1007/s13730-017-0274-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22101909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginzel AW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Murphey MD |title=Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features |journal=Skeletal Radiol. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=911–6 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22101909 |doi=10.1007/s00256-011-1323-z |url=}}</ref>
*Bilateral renal enlargement (as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis)<ref name="pmid28895103">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imai K, Aoi T, Kitai H, Endo N, Fujino M, Ichida S |title=A case of perirenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis |journal=CEN Case Rep |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=194–199 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28895103 |pmc=5694411 |doi=10.1007/s13730-017-0274-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22101909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginzel AW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Murphey MD |title=Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features |journal=Skeletal Radiol. |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=911–6 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22101909 |doi=10.1007/s00256-011-1323-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16215320">{{cite journal |vauthors=La Fianza A, Torretta L, Spinazzola A |title=Extramedullary hematopoiesis in chronic myelofibrosis encasing the pelvicaliceal system and perirenal spaces: CT findings |journal=Urol. Int. |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=281–4 |date=2005 |pmid=16215320 |doi=10.1159/000087809 |url=}}</ref>
*Splenomegaly<ref name="pmid27349913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song MK, Chung JS, Lim SN, Lee GW, Lee SM, Lee NK, Choi JC, Oh SY |title=Usefulness of spleen volume measured by computed tomography for predicting clinical outcome in primary myelofibrosis |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=476–84 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27349913 |doi=10.1007/s12185-016-2050-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref>
*Splenomegaly<ref name="pmid27349913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Song MK, Chung JS, Lim SN, Lee GW, Lee SM, Lee NK, Choi JC, Oh SY |title=Usefulness of spleen volume measured by computed tomography for predicting clinical outcome in primary myelofibrosis |journal=Int. J. Hematol. |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=476–84 |date=October 2016 |pmid=27349913 |doi=10.1007/s12185-016-2050-y |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16642932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ito A, Umeda M, Koike T, Naruse S, Fujita N |title=[A case of dermatomyositis associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis] |language=Japanese |journal=Rinsho Shinkeigaku |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=210–3 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16642932 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Hepatomegaly<ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22470696">{{cite journal |vauthors=La Fianza A, van der Byl G, Maccabelli G, Torretta L, Calliada F |title=CT and MR findings in extramedullary haematopoiesis with biliary system encasement: a case report |journal=J Radiol Case Rep |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=1–8 |date=2010 |pmid=22470696 |pmc=3303353 |doi=10.3941/jrcr.v4i11.462 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10983698">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kwak HS, Lee JM |title=CT findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the thorax, liver and kidneys, in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=460–2 |date=August 2000 |pmid=10983698 |pmc=3054659 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.460 |url=}}</ref>
*Hepatomegaly<ref name="pmid24929265">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS |title=Extramedullary hemopoiesis |journal=Semin. Ultrasound CT MR |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=255–62 |date=June 2014 |pmid=24929265 |doi=10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22470696">{{cite journal |vauthors=La Fianza A, van der Byl G, Maccabelli G, Torretta L, Calliada F |title=CT and MR findings in extramedullary haematopoiesis with biliary system encasement: a case report |journal=J Radiol Case Rep |volume=4 |issue=11 |pages=1–8 |date=2010 |pmid=22470696 |pmc=3303353 |doi=10.3941/jrcr.v4i11.462 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10983698">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kwak HS, Lee JM |title=CT findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the thorax, liver and kidneys, in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis |journal=J. Korean Med. Sci. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=460–2 |date=August 2000 |pmid=10983698 |pmc=3054659 |doi=10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.460 |url=}}</ref>


Revision as of 22:12, 5 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis. Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis include diffuse bone sclerosis.

CT

  • CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of myelofibrosis.
  • Findings on CT scan suggestive of myelofibrosis can be divided into scans of different locations such as:

Skeletal CT Findings

  • Diffuse osteosclerosis[1]
  • Sandwich vertebrae (increased radiodensity or condensation of bone at the superior and inferior margins of the vertebral body)

Chest CT Findings

  • Pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis manifesting as:
  • Atypical diffuse groundglass opacity[2]
  • Pulmonary nodules
  • Interstitial thickening
  • Multiple soft tissue masses in bilateral thoracic cavities[3]

Abdominal CT Findings

  • Thrombus formation in the visceral vasculature[4]
  • Bilateral renal enlargement (as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis)[5][6][7][8]
  • Splenomegaly[9][6][10]
  • Hepatomegaly[6][11][12]

Gallery

  • CT image demonstrates diffuse sclerosis in this patient with myelofibrosis.[13]

    CT image demonstrates diffuse sclerosis in this patient with myelofibrosis.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Guermazi A, de Kerviler E, Cazals-Hatem D, Zagdanski AM, Frija J (1999). "Imaging findings in patients with myelofibrosis". Eur Radiol. 9 (7): 1366–75. doi:10.1007/s003300050850. PMID 10460376.
  2. ↑ Yang M, Roarke M (March 2017). "Diffuse pulmonary extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis diagnosed with technetium-99m sulfur colloid bone marrow scintigraphy and single photon emission computerized tomography/CT". Am. J. Hematol. 92 (3): 323–324. doi:10.1002/ajh.24616. PMID 27883206.
  3. ↑ Qiu D, Hu X, Xu L, Guo X (2015). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with thalassemia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report and literature review". J Cancer Res Ther. 11 (4): 1034. doi:10.4103/0973-1482.150359. PMID 26881631.
  4. ↑ Magyari F, Bedekovics J, Décsy J, Ilonczai P, Illés Á, Simon Z (April 2018). "[Investigation and treatment of prefibrotic/early primary myelofibrosis. A case study]". Orv Hetil (in Hungarian). 159 (15): 603–609. doi:10.1556/650.2018.30995. PMID 29631428.
  5. ↑ Imai K, Aoi T, Kitai H, Endo N, Fujino M, Ichida S (November 2017). "A case of perirenal extramedullary hematopoiesis in a patient with primary myelofibrosis". CEN Case Rep. 6 (2): 194–199. doi:10.1007/s13730-017-0274-1. PMC 5694411. PMID 28895103.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Tziakouri-Shiakalli C, Georgiades CS (June 2014). "Extramedullary hemopoiesis". Semin. Ultrasound CT MR. 35 (3): 255–62. doi:10.1053/j.sult.2013.12.001. PMID 24929265.
  7. ↑ Ginzel AW, Kransdorf MJ, Peterson JJ, Garner HW, Murphey MD (August 2012). "Mass-like extramedullary hematopoiesis: imaging features". Skeletal Radiol. 41 (8): 911–6. doi:10.1007/s00256-011-1323-z. PMID 22101909.
  8. ↑ La Fianza A, Torretta L, Spinazzola A (2005). "Extramedullary hematopoiesis in chronic myelofibrosis encasing the pelvicaliceal system and perirenal spaces: CT findings". Urol. Int. 75 (3): 281–4. doi:10.1159/000087809. PMID 16215320.
  9. ↑ Song MK, Chung JS, Lim SN, Lee GW, Lee SM, Lee NK, Choi JC, Oh SY (October 2016). "Usefulness of spleen volume measured by computed tomography for predicting clinical outcome in primary myelofibrosis". Int. J. Hematol. 104 (4): 476–84. doi:10.1007/s12185-016-2050-y. PMID 27349913.
  10. ↑ Ito A, Umeda M, Koike T, Naruse S, Fujita N (March 2006). "[A case of dermatomyositis associated with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis]". Rinsho Shinkeigaku (in Japanese). 46 (3): 210–3. PMID 16642932.
  11. ↑ La Fianza A, van der Byl G, Maccabelli G, Torretta L, Calliada F (2010). "CT and MR findings in extramedullary haematopoiesis with biliary system encasement: a case report". J Radiol Case Rep. 4 (11): 1–8. doi:10.3941/jrcr.v4i11.462. PMC 3303353. PMID 22470696.
  12. ↑ Kwak HS, Lee JM (August 2000). "CT findings of extramedullary hematopoiesis in the thorax, liver and kidneys, in a patient with idiopathic myelofibrosis". J. Korean Med. Sci. 15 (4): 460–2. doi:10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.460. PMC 3054659. PMID 10983698.
  13. ↑ Image courtesy of Radswiki. Radiopaedia (original file here). Creative Commons BY-SA-NC


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