Lymphomatoid granulomatosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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*[[Chest tightness]]<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | *[[Chest tightness]]<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | ||
Other Symptoms that are asscociated with the pulmonary symptoms are:<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22711054">{{cite journal| author=Alinari L, Pant S, McNamara K, Kalmar JR, Marsh W, Allen CM et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with gingival involvement in an immune competent elderly male. | journal=Head Neck Pathol | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 496-501 | pmid=22711054 | doi=10.1007/s12105-012-0378-z | pmc=3500898 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22711054 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30288554">{{cite journal| author=Alexandra G, Claudia G| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis mimicking cancer and sarcoidosis. | journal=Ann Hematol | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30288554 | doi=10.1007/s00277-018-3505-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30288554 }} </ref> | Other Symptoms that are asscociated with the pulmonary symptoms are:<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22711054">{{cite journal| author=Alinari L, Pant S, McNamara K, Kalmar JR, Marsh W, Allen CM et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with gingival involvement in an immune competent elderly male. | journal=Head Neck Pathol | year= 2012 | volume= 6 | issue= 4 | pages= 496-501 | pmid=22711054 | doi=10.1007/s12105-012-0378-z | pmc=3500898 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22711054 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30288554">{{cite journal| author=Alexandra G, Claudia G| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis mimicking cancer and sarcoidosis. | journal=Ann Hematol | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30288554 | doi=10.1007/s00277-018-3505-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30288554 }} </ref> | ||
*Malaise<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | *[[Malaise]]<ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | ||
*Weight loss<ref name="pmid25535225">{{cite journal| author=Olmes DG, Agaimy A, Kloska S, Linker RA| title=Fatal lymphomatoid granulomatosis with primary CNS-involvement in an immunocompetent 80-year-old woman. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue= | pages= | pmid=25535225 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-206825 | pmc=4275695 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25535225 }} </ref> | *[[Weight loss]]<ref name="pmid25535225">{{cite journal| author=Olmes DG, Agaimy A, Kloska S, Linker RA| title=Fatal lymphomatoid granulomatosis with primary CNS-involvement in an immunocompetent 80-year-old woman. | journal=BMJ Case Rep | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue= | pages= | pmid=25535225 | doi=10.1136/bcr-2014-206825 | pmc=4275695 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25535225 }} </ref> | ||
*Fatigue<ref name="CostiniukKaramchandani2018">{{cite journal|last1=Costiniuk|first1=Cecilia T.|last2=Karamchandani|first2=Jason|last3=Bessissow|first3=Ali|last4=Routy|first4=Jean-Pierre|last5=Szabo|first5=Jason|last6=Frenette|first6=Charles|title=Angiocentric lymph proliferative disorder (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a person with newly-diagnosed HIV infection: a case report|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|volume=18|issue=1|year=2018|issn=1471-2334|doi=10.1186/s12879-018-3128-3}}</ref> | *[[Fatigue]]<ref name="CostiniukKaramchandani2018">{{cite journal|last1=Costiniuk|first1=Cecilia T.|last2=Karamchandani|first2=Jason|last3=Bessissow|first3=Ali|last4=Routy|first4=Jean-Pierre|last5=Szabo|first5=Jason|last6=Frenette|first6=Charles|title=Angiocentric lymph proliferative disorder (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a person with newly-diagnosed HIV infection: a case report|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|volume=18|issue=1|year=2018|issn=1471-2334|doi=10.1186/s12879-018-3128-3}}</ref> | ||
From the symptoms listed above; Lymphamatoid granulomatosis is usually differtiated from the following diseases Bronchocentric granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss, Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, Wegeners granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease, Non-hodgkin lymphoma, and Nasal angiocentric lymphoma.<ref name="pmid10544614">{{cite journal| author=Bohle M, Rasche K, Müller KM, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Fisseler-Eckhoff A| title=[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: differential diagnosis and therapy]. | journal=Med Klin (Munich) | year= 1999 | volume= 94 | issue= 9 | pages= 513-9 | pmid=10544614 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10544614 }} </ref><ref name="pmiddoi.org/10.1053/stcs.2002.34450">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi.org/10.1053/stcs.2002.34450 | doi= | pmc=5922622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref><ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3233-4">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3233-4 | doi= | pmc=5922622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | From the symptoms listed above; Lymphamatoid granulomatosis is usually differtiated from the following diseases Bronchocentric granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss, Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, Wegeners granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease, Non-hodgkin lymphoma, and Nasal angiocentric lymphoma.<ref name="pmid10544614">{{cite journal| author=Bohle M, Rasche K, Müller KM, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Fisseler-Eckhoff A| title=[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: differential diagnosis and therapy]. | journal=Med Klin (Munich) | year= 1999 | volume= 94 | issue= 9 | pages= 513-9 | pmid=10544614 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10544614 }} </ref><ref name="pmiddoi.org/10.1053/stcs.2002.34450">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=doi.org/10.1053/stcs.2002.34450 | doi= | pmc=5922622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref><ref name="pmidhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3233-4">{{cite journal| author=Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G| title=Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes. | journal=Biochem Pharmacol | year= 1975 | volume= 24 | issue= 17 | pages= 1639-41 | pmid=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3233-4 | doi= | pmc=5922622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10 }} </ref> | ||
In contrast, CNS lymphamatoid granulomatosis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause:<ref name="pmid29635846">{{cite journal| author=Kim JY, Jung KC, Park SH, Choe JY, Kim JE| title=Primary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the central nervous system: A report of three cases. | journal=Neuropathology | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=29635846 | doi=10.1111/neup.12467 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29635846 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28824078">{{cite journal| author=Kano Y, Kodaira M, Ushiki A, Kosaka M, Yamada M, Shingu K et al.| title=The Complete Remission of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-associated Isolated Central Nervous System Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2017 | volume= 56 | issue= 18 | pages= 2497-2501 | pmid=28824078 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.8776-16 | pmc=5643181 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28824078 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27656321">{{cite journal| author=Quinones E, Potes LI, Silva N, Lobato-Polo J| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the brain: A case report. | journal=Surg Neurol Int | year= 2016 | volume= 7 | issue= Suppl 23 | pages= S612-6 | pmid=27656321 | doi=10.4103/2152-7806.189732 | pmc=5025951 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27656321 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20672711">{{cite journal| author=Halvani A, Owlia MB, Sami R| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with splenomegaly and pancytopenia. | journal=Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi | year= 2010 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 84-6 | pmid=20672711 | doi=10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.01.17 | pmc=6000673 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20672711 }} </ref> | In contrast, CNS lymphamatoid granulomatosis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause:<ref name="pmid29635846">{{cite journal| author=Kim JY, Jung KC, Park SH, Choe JY, Kim JE| title=Primary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the central nervous system: A report of three cases. | journal=Neuropathology | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=29635846 | doi=10.1111/neup.12467 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29635846 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28824078">{{cite journal| author=Kano Y, Kodaira M, Ushiki A, Kosaka M, Yamada M, Shingu K et al.| title=The Complete Remission of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-associated Isolated Central Nervous System Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2017 | volume= 56 | issue= 18 | pages= 2497-2501 | pmid=28824078 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.8776-16 | pmc=5643181 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28824078 }} </ref><ref name="pmid27656321">{{cite journal| author=Quinones E, Potes LI, Silva N, Lobato-Polo J| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the brain: A case report. | journal=Surg Neurol Int | year= 2016 | volume= 7 | issue= Suppl 23 | pages= S612-6 | pmid=27656321 | doi=10.4103/2152-7806.189732 | pmc=5025951 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27656321 }} </ref><ref name="pmid20672711">{{cite journal| author=Halvani A, Owlia MB, Sami R| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with splenomegaly and pancytopenia. | journal=Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi | year= 2010 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 84-6 | pmid=20672711 | doi=10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.01.17 | pmc=6000673 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20672711 }} </ref> | ||
*Headaches<ref name="pmid21559262">{{cite journal| author=Castrale C, El Haggan W, Chapon F, Reman O, Lobbedez T, Ryckelynck JP et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis treated successfully with rituximab in a renal transplant patient. | journal=J Transplant | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue= | pages= 865957 | pmid=21559262 | doi=10.1155/2011/865957 | pmc=3087939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21559262 }} </ref> | *[[Headache|Headaches]]<ref name="pmid21559262">{{cite journal| author=Castrale C, El Haggan W, Chapon F, Reman O, Lobbedez T, Ryckelynck JP et al.| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis treated successfully with rituximab in a renal transplant patient. | journal=J Transplant | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue= | pages= 865957 | pmid=21559262 | doi=10.1155/2011/865957 | pmc=3087939 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21559262 }} </ref> | ||
*Seizures<ref name="LiuChen2014">{{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Hongli|last2=Chen|first2=Jing|last3=Yu|first3=Dandan|last4=Hu|first4=Jianli|title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the central nervous system: A case report and review of the literature|journal=Oncology Letters|volume=7|issue=6|year=2014|pages=1843–1846|issn=1792-1074|doi=10.3892/ol.2014.2002}}</ref> | *[[Seizure|Seizures]]<ref name="LiuChen2014">{{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Hongli|last2=Chen|first2=Jing|last3=Yu|first3=Dandan|last4=Hu|first4=Jianli|title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the central nervous system: A case report and review of the literature|journal=Oncology Letters|volume=7|issue=6|year=2014|pages=1843–1846|issn=1792-1074|doi=10.3892/ol.2014.2002}}</ref> | ||
*Hemiparesis<ref name="PatsalidesAtac2005">{{cite journal|last1=Patsalides|first1=Athos D.|last2=Atac|first2=Gokce|last3=Hedge|first3=Upendra|last4=Janik|first4=John|last5=Grant|first5=Nicole|last6=Jaffe|first6=Elaine S.|last7=Dwyer|first7=Andrew|last8=Patronas|first8=Nicholas J.|last9=Wilson|first9=Wyndham H.|title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: Abnormalities of the Brain at MR Imaging|journal=Radiology|volume=237|issue=1|year=2005|pages=265–273|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.2371041087}}</ref> | *[[Hemiparesis]]<ref name="PatsalidesAtac2005">{{cite journal|last1=Patsalides|first1=Athos D.|last2=Atac|first2=Gokce|last3=Hedge|first3=Upendra|last4=Janik|first4=John|last5=Grant|first5=Nicole|last6=Jaffe|first6=Elaine S.|last7=Dwyer|first7=Andrew|last8=Patronas|first8=Nicholas J.|last9=Wilson|first9=Wyndham H.|title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: Abnormalities of the Brain at MR Imaging|journal=Radiology|volume=237|issue=1|year=2005|pages=265–273|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.2371041087}}</ref> | ||
*Ataxia<ref name="CarginiCivica2014">{{cite journal|last1=Cargini|first1=Pasqualino|last2=Civica|first2=Maria|last3=Sollima|first3=Laura|last4=Di Cola|first4=Emanuela|last5=Pontecorvi|first5=Emanuele|last6=Cutilli|first6=Tommaso|title=Oral lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the first sign of a ‘rare disease’: a case report|journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports|volume=8|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1752-1947|doi=10.1186/1752-1947-8-152}}</ref> | *[[Ataxia]]<ref name="CarginiCivica2014">{{cite journal|last1=Cargini|first1=Pasqualino|last2=Civica|first2=Maria|last3=Sollima|first3=Laura|last4=Di Cola|first4=Emanuela|last5=Pontecorvi|first5=Emanuele|last6=Cutilli|first6=Tommaso|title=Oral lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the first sign of a ‘rare disease’: a case report|journal=Journal of Medical Case Reports|volume=8|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1752-1947|doi=10.1186/1752-1947-8-152}}</ref> | ||
The differentials are the following CVA, Brain tumors or CNS lymphoma and Parkinsonism.<ref name="pmid19513302">{{cite journal| author=Sohn EH, Song CJ, Lee HJ, Kim S, Kim JM, Lee AY| title=Central nervous system lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with parkinsonism. | journal=J Clin Neurol | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 108-11 | pmid=19513302 | doi=10.3988/jcn.2007.3.2.108 | pmc=2686859 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19513302 }} </ref> | The differentials are the following [[Stroke|CVA]], [[Brain tumor|Brain tumors]] or [[Lymphoma|CNS lymphoma]] and [[Parkinsonism]].<ref name="pmid19513302">{{cite journal| author=Sohn EH, Song CJ, Lee HJ, Kim S, Kim JM, Lee AY| title=Central nervous system lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with parkinsonism. | journal=J Clin Neurol | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 2 | pages= 108-11 | pmid=19513302 | doi=10.3988/jcn.2007.3.2.108 | pmc=2686859 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19513302 }} </ref> | ||
Finally Cutaneous Lymphamatoid granulomatosis must also be differtiated from other diseases that cause:<ref name="pmid20672711">{{cite journal| author=Halvani A, Owlia MB, Sami R| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with splenomegaly and pancytopenia. | journal=Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi | year= 2010 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 84-6 | pmid=20672711 | doi=10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.01.17 | pmc=6000673 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20672711 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25355540">{{cite journal| author=Rysgaard CD, Stone MS| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 3 | pages= 188-93 | pmid=25355540 | doi=10.1111/cup.12402 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25355540 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26143428">{{cite journal| author=Gangar P, Venkatarajan S| title=Granulomatous Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Granulomatous Slack Skin and Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis. | journal=Dermatol Clin | year= 2015 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 489-96 | pmid=26143428 | doi=10.1016/j.det.2015.03.013 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26143428 }} </ref> | Finally Cutaneous Lymphamatoid granulomatosis must also be differtiated from other diseases that cause:<ref name="pmid20672711">{{cite journal| author=Halvani A, Owlia MB, Sami R| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with splenomegaly and pancytopenia. | journal=Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi | year= 2010 | volume= 13 | issue= 1 | pages= 84-6 | pmid=20672711 | doi=10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.01.17 | pmc=6000673 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20672711 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25355540">{{cite journal| author=Rysgaard CD, Stone MS| title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature. | journal=J Cutan Pathol | year= 2015 | volume= 42 | issue= 3 | pages= 188-93 | pmid=25355540 | doi=10.1111/cup.12402 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25355540 }} </ref><ref name="pmid26143428">{{cite journal| author=Gangar P, Venkatarajan S| title=Granulomatous Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Granulomatous Slack Skin and Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis. | journal=Dermatol Clin | year= 2015 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 489-96 | pmid=26143428 | doi=10.1016/j.det.2015.03.013 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26143428 }} </ref> | ||
*Erythematous rash<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref> | *[[Rash|Erythematous rash]]<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref> | ||
*Macules <ref name="Carlson1991">{{cite journal|last1=Carlson|first1=Keith C.|title=Cutaneous Signs of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis|journal=Archives of Dermatology|volume=127|issue=11|year=1991|pages=1693|issn=0003-987X|doi=10.1001/archderm.1991.01680100093011}}</ref> | *[[Macule|Macules]] <ref name="Carlson1991">{{cite journal|last1=Carlson|first1=Keith C.|title=Cutaneous Signs of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis|journal=Archives of Dermatology|volume=127|issue=11|year=1991|pages=1693|issn=0003-987X|doi=10.1001/archderm.1991.01680100093011}}</ref> | ||
*Papules<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="Minars1975">{{cite journal|last1=Minars|first1=Norman|title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Skin|journal=Archives of Dermatology|volume=111|issue=4|year=1975|pages=493|issn=0003-987X|doi=10.1001/archderm.1975.01630160083009}}</ref> | *[[Papule|Papules]]<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="Minars1975">{{cite journal|last1=Minars|first1=Norman|title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Skin|journal=Archives of Dermatology|volume=111|issue=4|year=1975|pages=493|issn=0003-987X|doi=10.1001/archderm.1975.01630160083009}}</ref> | ||
*Plaques <ref name="RysgaardStone2015">{{cite journal|last1=Rysgaard|first1=Carolyn D.|last2=Stone|first2=Mary Seabury|title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature|journal=Journal of Cutaneous Pathology|volume=42|issue=3|year=2015|pages=188–193|issn=03036987|doi=10.1111/cup.12402}}</ref> | *[[Plaque|Plaques]] <ref name="RysgaardStone2015">{{cite journal|last1=Rysgaard|first1=Carolyn D.|last2=Stone|first2=Mary Seabury|title=Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature|journal=Journal of Cutaneous Pathology|volume=42|issue=3|year=2015|pages=188–193|issn=03036987|doi=10.1111/cup.12402}}</ref> | ||
*Subcutaneous nodules<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="Prieto Herman ReinehrCorrêa Martins2017">{{cite journal|last1=Prieto Herman Reinehr|first1=Clarissa|last2=Corrêa Martins|first2=Carla|last3=Trein Cunha|first3=Vivian|last4=Elen Lira|first4=Franci|last5=Sprinz|first5=Eduardo|last6=Cartell|first6=André|last7=Bakos|first7=Renato Marchiori|title=Cutaneous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomatoid granulomatosis: complete regression following antiretroviral therapy|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=56|issue=5|year=2017|pages=e100–e102|issn=00119059|doi=10.1111/ijd.13551}}</ref> | *[[Nodule (medicine)|Subcutaneous nodules]]<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="Prieto Herman ReinehrCorrêa Martins2017">{{cite journal|last1=Prieto Herman Reinehr|first1=Clarissa|last2=Corrêa Martins|first2=Carla|last3=Trein Cunha|first3=Vivian|last4=Elen Lira|first4=Franci|last5=Sprinz|first5=Eduardo|last6=Cartell|first6=André|last7=Bakos|first7=Renato Marchiori|title=Cutaneous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomatoid granulomatosis: complete regression following antiretroviral therapy|journal=International Journal of Dermatology|volume=56|issue=5|year=2017|pages=e100–e102|issn=00119059|doi=10.1111/ijd.13551}}</ref> | ||
*Larger ulcerated nodules<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="LeeNamuduri2018">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Lynette Y.|last2=Namuduri|first2=Rama|last3=Chan|first3=Michelle M. F.|last4=Quek|first4=Jeffrey K. S.|last5=Koh|first5=Mark J.-A.|title=Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with vaginal sloughing and ulcerated skin nodule|journal=Journal of Cutaneous Pathology|volume=45|issue=2|year=2018|pages=162–166|issn=03036987|doi=10.1111/cup.13074}}</ref> | *[[Nodules|Larger ulcerated nodules]]<ref name="pmid27051739">{{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27051739 }} </ref><ref name="LeeNamuduri2018">{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Lynette Y.|last2=Namuduri|first2=Rama|last3=Chan|first3=Michelle M. F.|last4=Quek|first4=Jeffrey K. S.|last5=Koh|first5=Mark J.-A.|title=Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with vaginal sloughing and ulcerated skin nodule|journal=Journal of Cutaneous Pathology|volume=45|issue=2|year=2018|pages=162–166|issn=03036987|doi=10.1111/cup.13074}}</ref> | ||
The differentials are the following Dermatomyositis, and Psoriasis<ref name="BertiFelicetti2018">{{cite journal|last1=Berti|first1=Alvise|last2=Felicetti|first2=Mara|last3=Peccatori|first3=Susanna|last4=Bortolotti|first4=Roberto|last5=Guella|first5=Anna|last6=Vivaldi|first6=Paolo|last7=Morelli|first7=Luca|last8=Barabareschi|first8=Mattia|last9=Paolazzi|first9=Giuseppe|title=EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders in rheumatic patients: A systematic review of the literature|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=85|issue=1|year=2018|pages=35–40|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | The differentials are the following [[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis|Dermatomyositis]], and [[Psoriasis]]<ref name="BertiFelicetti2018">{{cite journal|last1=Berti|first1=Alvise|last2=Felicetti|first2=Mara|last3=Peccatori|first3=Susanna|last4=Bortolotti|first4=Roberto|last5=Guella|first5=Anna|last6=Vivaldi|first6=Paolo|last7=Morelli|first7=Luca|last8=Barabareschi|first8=Mattia|last9=Paolazzi|first9=Giuseppe|title=EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders in rheumatic patients: A systematic review of the literature|journal=Joint Bone Spine|volume=85|issue=1|year=2018|pages=35–40|issn=1297319X|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.006}}</ref><ref name="pmid26966605">{{cite journal| author=O'Brien S, Schmidt P| title=Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication. | journal=Case Rep Rheumatol | year= 2016 | volume= 2016 | issue= | pages= 8242597 | pmid=26966605 | doi=10.1155/2016/8242597 | pmc=4757691 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26966605 }} </ref> | ||
===Differentiating Lymphamatoid Granulomatosis === | ===Differentiating Lymphamatoid Granulomatosis === | ||
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Wheezing | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Wheeze|Wheezing]] | ||
Rales | [[Rales]] | ||
Rhonchi | [[Rhonchi]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |EBV | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Mononucleosis|EBV i]]<nowiki/>nfused [[B cell|B-cells]] on blood scan | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | | ||
* Dense, large, mass like infiltrate and bilateral nodular disease. | * Dense, large, mass like infiltrate and bilateral nodular disease. |
Revision as of 17:15, 6 December 2018
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis Microchapters |
Differentiating Lymphomatoid granulomatosis from other Diseases |
---|
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis differential diagnosis On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lymphomatoid granulomatosis differential diagnosis |
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis differential diagnosis in the news |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Lymphomatoid granulomatosis |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Lymphomatoid granulomatosis differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Lymphamtoid granulomatosis must be differentiated from Bronchocentric granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss, Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, Wegeners granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease, Non-hodgkin lymphoma, and Nasal angiocentric lymphoma
Differentiating Lymphamatoid granulomatosis from other Diseases
As Lymphamatoid granulomatosis manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtypes pulmonary being the most common. The sub types are the following:[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Other Symptoms that are asscociated with the pulmonary symptoms are:[10][11][12]
From the symptoms listed above; Lymphamatoid granulomatosis is usually differtiated from the following diseases Bronchocentric granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss, Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, Wegeners granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease, Non-hodgkin lymphoma, and Nasal angiocentric lymphoma.[15][16][17]
In contrast, CNS lymphamatoid granulomatosis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause:[18][19][20][21]
The differentials are the following CVA, Brain tumors or CNS lymphoma and Parkinsonism.[26]
Finally Cutaneous Lymphamatoid granulomatosis must also be differtiated from other diseases that cause:[21][27][28]
- Erythematous rash[3]
- Macules [29]
- Papules[3][30]
- Plaques [31]
- Subcutaneous nodules[3][32]
- Larger ulcerated nodules[3][33]
The differentials are the following Dermatomyositis, and Psoriasis[34][10]
Differentiating Lymphamatoid Granulomatosis
On the basis of Cough, Dyspnea, and Chest tightness, Lymphamatoid granulomatosis must be differentiated from Bronchocentric granulomatosis and Churg-Strauss, Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis, Wegeners granulomatosis, Hodgkins disease, Non-hodgkin lymphoma, and Nasal angiocentric lymphoma.[15][16][17]
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | |||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | Histopathology | ||||||||
Cough | Dyspnea | Chest tightness | Auscultation | X-ray | CT scan | |||||
Lymphmatoid granulomatosis[1] | + | + | + | Wheezing | EBV infused B-cells on blood scan |
|
Poorly defined nodular peribronchovascular infiltrates with air-bronchograms. |
|
| |
Churg-Strauss syndrome[35] | + | + | + | Wheezing
Rales Rhonchi |
|
Pulmonary infiltrates:
Typically, these are transient patchy alveolar infiltrates. |
|
|
+ P-ANCA in cells on lung biposy |
|
Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis[36] | + | + | - | Wheezing | Increased levels of ACE in the blood | Hilar adenopathy | bihilar lymphadenopathy and reticulonodular infiltrates |
|
High levels of ACE in blood |
|
Diseases | Cough | Dyspnea | Chest thightness | Auscultation | Lab findings | X-ray | CT scan | Histopathology | Gold standard | Additional findings |
Wegeners granulomatosis[37] | + | + | - | Wheezing | C- ANCA
Urinalysis: Hematuria Red cell casts Biopsy: Granulomatous inflmmation within the arterial wall or in the perivascular area |
|
Pulmonary nodules with or without cavitation and airspace consolidation |
|
Biopsy of the lung |
|
Hodgkin disease[38] | - | - | - |
|
|
Massive mediastinal soft tissue masses consistent with lymphoma |
|
Reed Sternberg cells | Development of Hodgkin's disease may in some patients be preceded by enhanced activation of Epstein–Barr virus | |
Non-hodgkin lymphoma[39] | - | - | - | Can be caused by;
EBV HIV Hep BandC HTLV Lymphomatous appearing B and T cells( condition arises from B and T cells) Abnormal LFT's CBC count: Can be normal in early-stage disease; in more advanced stages, can show anemia, thrombocytopenia/leukopenia/pancytopenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytosis |
Mediastinal widening | Mediastinum can show enlarged tracheobronchial and subcarinal nodes. small bilateral pleural effusion can be seen |
|
Pop corn cells in NLPHL | Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and tiredness |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Roschewski M, Wilson WH (2012). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis". Cancer J. 18 (5): 469–74. doi:10.1097/PPO.0b013e31826c5e19. PMID 23006954.
- ↑ Fernandez-Alvarez R, Gonzalez M, Fernandez A, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Sancho J, Dominguez F; et al. (2014). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of central nervous system and lung driven by epstein barr virus proliferation: successful treatment with rituximab-containing chemotherapy". Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 6 (1): e2014017. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2014.017. PMC 3965717. PMID 24678394.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 {{cite journal| author=Shaigany S, Weitz NA, Husain S, Geskin L, Grossman ME| title=A case of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous lesions. | journal=JAAD Case Rep | year= 2015 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 234-7 | pmid=27051739 | doi=10.1016/j.jdcr.2015.05.008 | pmc=4808726 | url=
- Pulmonary
- CNS
- Cutaneous
- ↑ Miloslavsky EM, Stone JH, Unizony SH (2015). "Challenging mimickers of primary systemic vasculitis". Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 41 (1): 141–60, ix. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2014.09.011. PMID 25399945.
- ↑ Tagliavini E, Rossi G, Valli R, Zanelli M, Cadioli A, Mengoli MC; et al. (2013). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a practical review for pathologists dealing with this rare pulmonary lymphoproliferative process". Pathologica. 105 (4): 111–6. PMID 24466760.
- ↑ Fauci AS, Haynes BF, Costa J, Katz P, Wolff SM (1982). "Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis. Prospective clinical and therapeutic experience over 10 years". N Engl J Med. 306 (2): 68–74. doi:10.1056/NEJM198201143060203. PMID 7053488.
- ↑ Xu B, Liu H, Wang B, Zhang H, Wu H, Jin R; et al. (2015). "Fever, Dry Cough and Exertional Dyspnea: Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Masquerading as Pneumonia, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Infectious Mononucleosis". Intern Med. 54 (23): 3045–9. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4822. PMID 26631890.
- ↑ Ameli F, Ghafourian F, Masir N (2014). "Systematic Epstein-Barr virus-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disease presenting as a persistent fever and cough: a case report". J Med Case Rep. 8: 288. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-288. PMC 4150421. PMID 25163591.
- ↑ Olusina D, Ezemba N, Nzegwu MA (2011). "Pulmonary Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: Report of A Case and Review of Literature". Niger Med J. 52 (1): 60–63. PMC 3180752. PMID 21968985.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 O'Brien S, Schmidt P (2016). "Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis with Paraneoplastic Polymyositis: A Rare Malignancy with Rare Complication". Case Rep Rheumatol. 2016: 8242597. doi:10.1155/2016/8242597. PMC 4757691. PMID 26966605.
- ↑ Alinari L, Pant S, McNamara K, Kalmar JR, Marsh W, Allen CM; et al. (2012). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with gingival involvement in an immune competent elderly male". Head Neck Pathol. 6 (4): 496–501. doi:10.1007/s12105-012-0378-z. PMC 3500898. PMID 22711054.
- ↑ Alexandra G, Claudia G (2018). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis mimicking cancer and sarcoidosis". Ann Hematol. doi:10.1007/s00277-018-3505-4. PMID 30288554.
- ↑ Olmes DG, Agaimy A, Kloska S, Linker RA (2014). "Fatal lymphomatoid granulomatosis with primary CNS-involvement in an immunocompetent 80-year-old woman". BMJ Case Rep. 2014. doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-206825. PMC 4275695. PMID 25535225.
- ↑ Costiniuk, Cecilia T.; Karamchandani, Jason; Bessissow, Ali; Routy, Jean-Pierre; Szabo, Jason; Frenette, Charles (2018). "Angiocentric lymph proliferative disorder (lymphomatoid granulomatosis) in a person with newly-diagnosed HIV infection: a case report". BMC Infectious Diseases. 18 (1). doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3128-3. ISSN 1471-2334.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Bohle M, Rasche K, Müller KM, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Fisseler-Eckhoff A (1999). "[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: differential diagnosis and therapy]". Med Klin (Munich). 94 (9): 513–9. PMID 10544614.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMC 5922622. PMID doi.org/10.1053/stcs.2002.34450 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ 17.0 17.1 Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMC 5922622. PMID https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-014-3233-4 Check
|pmid=
value (help). - ↑ Kim JY, Jung KC, Park SH, Choe JY, Kim JE (2018). "Primary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in the central nervous system: A report of three cases". Neuropathology. doi:10.1111/neup.12467. PMID 29635846.
- ↑ Kano Y, Kodaira M, Ushiki A, Kosaka M, Yamada M, Shingu K; et al. (2017). "The Complete Remission of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-associated Isolated Central Nervous System Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Intern Med. 56 (18): 2497–2501. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.8776-16. PMC 5643181. PMID 28824078.
- ↑ Quinones E, Potes LI, Silva N, Lobato-Polo J (2016). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the brain: A case report". Surg Neurol Int. 7 (Suppl 23): S612–6. doi:10.4103/2152-7806.189732. PMC 5025951. PMID 27656321.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Halvani A, Owlia MB, Sami R (2010). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with splenomegaly and pancytopenia". Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi. 13 (1): 84–6. doi:10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.01.17. PMC 6000673. PMID 20672711.
- ↑ Castrale C, El Haggan W, Chapon F, Reman O, Lobbedez T, Ryckelynck JP; et al. (2011). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis treated successfully with rituximab in a renal transplant patient". J Transplant. 2011: 865957. doi:10.1155/2011/865957. PMC 3087939. PMID 21559262.
- ↑ Liu, Hongli; Chen, Jing; Yu, Dandan; Hu, Jianli (2014). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis involving the central nervous system: A case report and review of the literature". Oncology Letters. 7 (6): 1843–1846. doi:10.3892/ol.2014.2002. ISSN 1792-1074.
- ↑ Patsalides, Athos D.; Atac, Gokce; Hedge, Upendra; Janik, John; Grant, Nicole; Jaffe, Elaine S.; Dwyer, Andrew; Patronas, Nicholas J.; Wilson, Wyndham H. (2005). "Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: Abnormalities of the Brain at MR Imaging". Radiology. 237 (1): 265–273. doi:10.1148/radiol.2371041087. ISSN 0033-8419.
- ↑ Cargini, Pasqualino; Civica, Maria; Sollima, Laura; Di Cola, Emanuela; Pontecorvi, Emanuele; Cutilli, Tommaso (2014). "Oral lymphomatoid granulomatosis, the first sign of a 'rare disease': a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 8 (1). doi:10.1186/1752-1947-8-152. ISSN 1752-1947.
- ↑ Sohn EH, Song CJ, Lee HJ, Kim S, Kim JM, Lee AY (2007). "Central nervous system lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with parkinsonism". J Clin Neurol. 3 (2): 108–11. doi:10.3988/jcn.2007.3.2.108. PMC 2686859. PMID 19513302.
- ↑ Rysgaard CD, Stone MS (2015). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature". J Cutan Pathol. 42 (3): 188–93. doi:10.1111/cup.12402. PMID 25355540.
- ↑ Gangar P, Venkatarajan S (2015). "Granulomatous Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Granulomatous Slack Skin and Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis". Dermatol Clin. 33 (3): 489–96. doi:10.1016/j.det.2015.03.013. PMID 26143428.
- ↑ Carlson, Keith C. (1991). "Cutaneous Signs of Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis". Archives of Dermatology. 127 (11): 1693. doi:10.1001/archderm.1991.01680100093011. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Minars, Norman (1975). "Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis of the Skin". Archives of Dermatology. 111 (4): 493. doi:10.1001/archderm.1975.01630160083009. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Rysgaard, Carolyn D.; Stone, Mary Seabury (2015). "Lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting with cutaneous involvement: a case report and review of the literature". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 42 (3): 188–193. doi:10.1111/cup.12402. ISSN 0303-6987.
- ↑ Prieto Herman Reinehr, Clarissa; Corrêa Martins, Carla; Trein Cunha, Vivian; Elen Lira, Franci; Sprinz, Eduardo; Cartell, André; Bakos, Renato Marchiori (2017). "Cutaneous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphomatoid granulomatosis: complete regression following antiretroviral therapy". International Journal of Dermatology. 56 (5): e100–e102. doi:10.1111/ijd.13551. ISSN 0011-9059.
- ↑ Lee, Lynette Y.; Namuduri, Rama; Chan, Michelle M. F.; Quek, Jeffrey K. S.; Koh, Mark J.-A. (2018). "Epstein-Barr virus positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with vaginal sloughing and ulcerated skin nodule". Journal of Cutaneous Pathology. 45 (2): 162–166. doi:10.1111/cup.13074. ISSN 0303-6987.
- ↑ Berti, Alvise; Felicetti, Mara; Peccatori, Susanna; Bortolotti, Roberto; Guella, Anna; Vivaldi, Paolo; Morelli, Luca; Barabareschi, Mattia; Paolazzi, Giuseppe (2018). "EBV-induced lymphoproliferative disorders in rheumatic patients: A systematic review of the literature". Joint Bone Spine. 85 (1): 35–40. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.01.006. ISSN 1297-319X.
- ↑ Della Rossa, A. (2002). "Churg-Strauss syndrome: clinical and serological features of 19 patients from a single Italian centre". Rheumatology. 41 (11): 1286–1294. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/41.11.1286. ISSN 1460-2172.
- ↑ Quaden, C. (2005). "Necrotising sarcoid granulomatosis: clinical, functional, endoscopical and radiographical evaluations". European Respiratory Journal. 26 (5): 778–785. doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00024205. ISSN 0903-1936.
- ↑ de Groot, K; Gross, W L (2016). "Wegener's granulomatosis: disease course, assessment of activity and extent and treatment". Lupus. 7 (4): 285–291. doi:10.1191/096120398678920118. ISSN 0961-2033.
- ↑ Townsend, William; Linch, David (2012). "Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults". The Lancet. 380 (9844): 836–847. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60035-X. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Zelenetz, Andrew D.; Abramson, Jeremy S.; Advani, Ranjana H.; Andreadis, C. Babis; Bartlett, Nancy; Bellam, Naresh; Byrd, John C.; Czuczman, Myron S.; Fayad, Luis E.; Glenn, Martha J.; Gockerman, Jon P.; Gordon, Leo I.; Harris, Nancy Lee; Hoppe, Richard T.; Horwitz, Steven M.; Kelsey, Christopher R.; Kim, Youn H.; LaCasce, Ann S.; Nademanee, Auayporn; Porcu, Pierluigi; Press, Oliver; Pro, Barbara; Reddy, Nashitha; Sokol, Lubomir; Swinnen, Lode J.; Tsien, Christina; Vose, Julie M.; Wierda, William G.; Yahalom, Joachim; Zafar, Nadeem (2011). "Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas". Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 9 (5): 484–560. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2011.0046. ISSN 1540-1405.