Pneumomediastinum classification: Difference between revisions
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Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups:<ref name="pmid25774307">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P |title=Pneumomediastinum |journal=J Thorac Dis |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S44–9 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25774307 |pmc=4332083 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11 |url= | Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups:<ref name="pmid25774307">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P |title=Pneumomediastinum |journal=J Thorac Dis |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S44–9 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25774307 |pmc=4332083 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11 |url= | ||
<ref name="pmid4332083">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rukavishnikova VG, Chistova NM |title=[The histologic structure of benign giant cell synoviomas] |language=Russian |journal=Vopr Onkol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=46–53 |date=1969 |pmid=4332083 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | <nowiki><ref name="pmid4332083"></nowiki>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rukavishnikova VG, Chistova NM |title=[The histologic structure of benign giant cell synoviomas] |language=Russian |journal=Vopr Onkol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=46–53 |date=1969 |pmid=4332083 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine. | * Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine. | ||
* Secondary pneumomediastinum: | * Secondary pneumomediastinum: | ||
** [[Iatrogenic]]: [[Endoscopy|Endoscopic]] procedures, [[intubation]]/[[extubation]], [[central line]] | ** [[Iatrogenic]]: [[Endoscopy|Endoscopic]] procedures, [[intubation]]/[[extubation]], [[central line|central vascular access procedure]], [[pleural cavity]] instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery. | ||
** [[Traumatic]]: Blunt force trauma, penetrating injury. | ** [[Traumatic]]: Blunt force trauma, [[penetrating]] chest or abdominal injury. | ||
**Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as asthma, interstitial lung disease, [[COPD]], [[bronchiectasis]], lung [[cysts]], [[malignancy|lung malignancy]], excessive [[vomiting]]. | **Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as [[asthma]], [[interstitial lung disease]], [[COPD]], [[bronchiectasis]], lung [[cysts]], [[malignancy|lung malignancy]], excessive [[vomiting]]. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pneumomediastinum may be classified according to cause into spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum. Both the categories have multiple causes.
Classification
Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups:[1]
- Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine.
- Secondary pneumomediastinum:
- Iatrogenic: Endoscopic procedures, intubation/extubation, central vascular access procedure, pleural cavity instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery.
- Traumatic: Blunt force trauma, penetrating chest or abdominal injury.
- Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as asthma, interstitial lung disease, COPD, bronchiectasis, lung cysts, lung malignancy, excessive vomiting.
| Pneumomediastinum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spontaneous pneumomediastinum | Secondary pneumomediastinum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iatrogenic | Traumatic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pneumomediastinum can also be classified according to the entry of air into the mediastinal cavity: Head/neck/upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, lung, gastrointestinal tract, or external sources. [2]
References
- ↑ {{cite journal |vauthors=Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P |title=Pneumomediastinum |journal=J Thorac Dis |volume=7 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S44–9 |date=February 2015 |pmid=25774307 |pmc=4332083 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11 |url= <ref name="pmid4332083">Rukavishnikova VG, Chistova NM (1969). "[The histologic structure of benign giant cell synoviomas]". Vopr Onkol (in Russian). 15 (3): 46–53. PMID 4332083.
- ↑ http://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/pulmonary-medicine/non-neoplastic-disorders-of-the-mediastinum-pneumomediastinum/article/661012/