Pneumomediastinum physical examination: Difference between revisions
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===Vital Signs=== | ===Vital Signs=== | ||
* | *Tachypnea | ||
*[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse | *[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse | ||
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*Patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum usually appear normal. | *Patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum usually appear normal. | ||
*Patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to an exacerbation of asthma is usually [[Dyspnea|dyspnic]] and in distress. | *Patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to an exacerbation of asthma is usually [[Dyspnea|dyspnic]] and in distress. | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
* Skin examination of patients with primary spontaneous | * Skin examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
* HEENT examination of patients with primary spontaneous | * HEENT examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
* | *Subcutaneous crepitation may be present. | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
* | *Bronchial breathing sound | ||
* | *Mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heart sound(Hamman's sign). | ||
* | *Subcutaneous crepitation. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
* [[Circulatory system|Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with | * [[Circulatory system|Cardiovascular]] examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* [[Abdomen|Abdominal]] examination of patients with | * [[Abdomen|Abdominal]] examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
*Subcutaneous crepitation may be present. | |||
===Back=== | ===Back=== | ||
* [[Human back|Back]] examination of patients with | * [[Human back|Back]] examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===Genitourinary=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
* [[Genitourinary system|Genitourinary]] examination of patients with | * [[Genitourinary system|Genitourinary]] examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
* | * Nuromascular examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
*[[ | *[[Extremities]] examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:33, 13 December 2018
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Pneumomediastinum Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Pneumomediastinum physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
In spontaneous pneumomediastinum, the patient appears normal. Patient with pneumomediastinum secondary to an exacerbation of asthma may appear distressed. On physical examination, the most pathognomic sign of pneumomediastinum is Hamman's sign, which is mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heartbeat. Subcutaneous emphysema can also be detected in a patient with pneumomediastinum.
Physical Examination
The patient may present with the physical finding of the primary condition causing pneumomediastinum or precipitating factors including, asthma, emphysema, pneumothorax, Boerhaave syndrome or ARDS.
Vital Signs
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia with regular pulse
Appearance of the Patient
- Patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum usually appear normal.
- Patients with pneumomediastinum secondary to an exacerbation of asthma is usually dyspnic and in distress.
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with primary spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
Neck
- Subcutaneous crepitation may be present.
Lungs
- Bronchial breathing sound
- Mediastinal crunch or click present on auscultation over the cardiac apex and the left sternal border synchronous with the heart sound(Hamman's sign).
- Subcutaneous crepitation.
Heart
- Cardiovascular examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
Abdomen
- Abdominal examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
- Subcutaneous crepitation may be present.
Back
- Back examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
- Nuromascular examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal.
Extremities
- Extremities examination of patients with pneumomediastinum is usually normal