Breast lumps risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Associated risk factors leading to [[female]] [[breast cancer]]<ref name="pmid25114845">{{cite journal| author=Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD| title=Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. | journal=World J Clin Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-98 | pmid=25114845 | doi=10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283 | pmc=4127601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25114845 }} </ref> | Associated risk factors leading to [[female]] [[breast cancer]]<ref name="pmid25114845">{{cite journal| author=Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD| title=Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. | journal=World J Clin Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-98 | pmid=25114845 | doi=10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283 | pmc=4127601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25114845 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11172156">{{cite journal| author=Clemons M, Goss P| title=Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 344 | issue= 4 | pages= 276-85 | pmid=11172156 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200101253440407 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11172156 }}</ref>: | ||
* [[Age]]: probability of [[Breast cancer|breast cance]]<nowiki/>r from birth to 39 years; 1 in 202, from 40 to 59 years; 1 in 26, from 60 to 69 years; 1 in 28. | * [[Age]]: probability of [[Breast cancer|breast cance]]<nowiki/>r from birth to 39 years; 1 in 202, from 40 to 59 years; 1 in 26, from 60 to 69 years; 1 in 28. | ||
*Personal history of [[breast cancer]] | *Personal history of [[breast cancer]] | ||
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*[[Family history]]: greater [[breast cancer]] risk in women with first-degree relatives with [[breast cancer]] under 50 years old. | *[[Family history]]: greater [[breast cancer]] risk in women with first-degree relatives with [[breast cancer]] under 50 years old. | ||
*[[Genetic]] predisposition | *[[Genetic]] predisposition | ||
**High risk | **High risk; associated with relative risk about 3.0 to 7.0. | ||
*** [[BRCA1]] | *** [[BRCA1]] | ||
***[[BRCA2]] | ***[[BRCA2]] | ||
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* Early [[menarche]]; under age of 13 years | * Early [[menarche]]; under age of 13 years | ||
*[[Parity]]; nulliparus is associated with increased risk of [[breast cancer]] | *[[Parity]]; nulliparus is associated with increased risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
*Age at first [[full term]] [[pregnancy]]; younger age may decrease risk of [[breast cancer]] | *Age at first [[full term]] [[pregnancy]]; younger age ( under 20 years considered as low risk and after 30 years old considered as high risk ) may decrease risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
*[[Breast feeding]] | *[[Breast feeding]] > 16 months decreased risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
* [[Testosterone]]; increased [[relative risk]] to 2.86-3.28. | * [[Testosterone]]; increased [[relative risk]] to 2.86-3.28. | ||
*[[Age]] at [[menopause]];older [[menopausal]] [[age]] associated with greater risk of [[breast cancer]] | *[[Age]] at [[menopause]]; older [[menopausal]] [[age]] (aged > 55 years ) associated with greater risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
[[Exogenous hormone exposure]] | [[Exogenous hormone exposure]] | ||
*long term exposure> 5 years; increases chances of [[breast cancer]] | *long term exposure> 5 years; increases chances of [[breast cancer]] | ||
*Time of usage; nearly [[menopausal]] [[age]] associated with development to [[breast cancer]] | *Time of usage; nearly [[menopausal]] [[age]] associated with development to [[breast cancer]] | ||
*Part or current use of [[contraceptive]] pills; relative risk of 1.07 to 1.2. | |||
*Current use of [[hormonal replacement therapy]]; relative risk of 1.2. | |||
[[Lifestyle]] | [[Lifestyle]] | ||
These factors may increase risk of developing [[Breast Cancer|breast cancers]] | These factors may increase risk of developing [[Breast Cancer|breast cancers]]: | ||
* [[Alcohol]] consumption; | * [[Alcohol]] consumption; approximately 2 to 5 drinks per day , developed with [[relative risk]] 1.4. | ||
* | *Recreational exercise; relative risk of 0.70. | ||
*[[Obesity]]; [[BMI| | *[[Obesity]]; [[BMI|BMI]]: 25-29.9 and [[BMI]] >30 have [[relative risk]] of 1.28 | ||
*Previous history of [[radiation]]; at the [[age]] < 35 years old | *Previous history of [[radiation]]; at the [[age]] < 35 years old | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Risk Factors
Associated risk factors leading to female breast cancer[1][2]:
- Age: probability of breast cancer from birth to 39 years; 1 in 202, from 40 to 59 years; 1 in 26, from 60 to 69 years; 1 in 28.
- Personal history of breast cancer
- Breast pathology: PD with atypia has greater risk of developing to breast cancer in comparison of PD.
- Family history: greater breast cancer risk in women with first-degree relatives with breast cancer under 50 years old.
- Genetic predisposition
- High risk; associated with relative risk about 3.0 to 7.0.
- Moderate risk
- Homozygous ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM)
- Somatic mutation in CHEK2
- BRCA1 modifier gene: BRIP1
- BRCA2 modifier gene: PALB2
- Low risk
- These alleles have not designated yet.
Endogenous hormone exposure and reproductive factors:
- Early menarche; under age of 13 years
- Parity; nulliparus is associated with increased risk of breast cancer
- Age at first full term pregnancy; younger age ( under 20 years considered as low risk and after 30 years old considered as high risk ) may decrease risk of breast cancer
- Breast feeding > 16 months decreased risk of breast cancer
- Testosterone; increased relative risk to 2.86-3.28.
- Age at menopause; older menopausal age (aged > 55 years ) associated with greater risk of breast cancer
- long term exposure> 5 years; increases chances of breast cancer
- Time of usage; nearly menopausal age associated with development to breast cancer
- Part or current use of contraceptive pills; relative risk of 1.07 to 1.2.
- Current use of hormonal replacement therapy; relative risk of 1.2.
These factors may increase risk of developing breast cancers:
- Alcohol consumption; approximately 2 to 5 drinks per day , developed with relative risk 1.4.
- Recreational exercise; relative risk of 0.70.
- Obesity; BMI: 25-29.9 and BMI >30 have relative risk of 1.28
- Previous history of radiation; at the age < 35 years old
References
- ↑ Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD (2014). "Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer". World J Clin Oncol. 5 (3): 283–98. doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283. PMC 4127601. PMID 25114845.
- ↑ Clemons M, Goss P (2001). "Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer". N Engl J Med. 344 (4): 276–85. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101253440407. PMID 11172156.