Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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* For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas. | * For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas. | ||
* For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor. | * For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor. | ||
Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include: | |||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of astrocytoma is:<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last = Mattle | first = Heinrich | title = Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide | publisher = Thieme | location = Stuttgart New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9783131364524 }}</ref> | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of astrocytoma is:<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last = Mattle | first = Heinrich | title = Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide | publisher = Thieme | location = Stuttgart New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9783131364524 }}</ref> | ||
**Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow. | **Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow. | ||
**Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow. | **Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow. | ||
**Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate. | **Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate. | ||
Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include: | |||
{{Family tree/start}} | |||
{{Family tree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | |A01=• Stem cell<br>• Precursor cell<br>• Glial cell<br> }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | B03 | | | | B01=IDH1 mutation|B02=• 10q loss<br>• PTEN mutation<br>• EGFR overexpression<br>• MDM2 overexpression<br>|B03=• KIAA1549-BRAF fusion<br>• MAPK/ERK abnormalities<br>}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | |!| | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | C03 | | | | C01=• p53 mutation<br>• PDGF/PDGFRA overexpression<br>|C02=Primary glioblastoma | |||
grade IV|C03=Pilocytic astrocytoma grade I}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | D01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | D01=Diffuse astrocytoma grade II}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | E01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E01=Chr 19q loss}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | F01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F01=Anaplastic astocytoma grade III}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | G01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | G01=10q loss}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | H01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | H01=Glioblastoma (secondary) grade IV}} | |||
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }} | |||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 18:31, 4 January 2019
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Astrocytoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Study |
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Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of astrocytomas:
- Astrocytomas are histologically heterogenous
- Obtaining small specimen from astrocytomas might lead to false diagnosis.
- For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas.
- For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor.
Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of astrocytoma is:[1]
- Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow.
- Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow.
- Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate.
Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:
| • Stem cell • Precursor cell • Glial cell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IDH1 mutation | • 10q loss • PTEN mutation • EGFR overexpression • MDM2 overexpression | • KIAA1549-BRAF fusion • MAPK/ERK abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • p53 mutation • PDGF/PDGFRA overexpression | Primary glioblastoma grade IV | Pilocytic astrocytoma grade I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diffuse astrocytoma grade II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chr 19q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anaplastic astocytoma grade III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glioblastoma (secondary) grade IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.