Carcinoid syndrome laboratory tests: Difference between revisions
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*Testing for elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%. | *Testing for elevated urinary [[5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid]] (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%. | ||
*Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinal tumors such as [[pancreatic]] and [[lung carcinoma|small cell lung carcinomas]]. | *Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinal tumors such as [[pancreatic]] and [[lung carcinoma|small cell lung carcinomas]]. | ||
*N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide :NT-proBNP is a useful biomarker of carcinoid heart disease at a cutoff level of 260 pg/ml (31 pmol/l) | *N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide :NT-proBNP is a useful biomarker of carcinoid heart disease at a cutoff level of 260 pg/ml (31 pmol/l). | ||
*N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a screening tool for carcinoid heart disease in patients with carcinoid syndrome. | *N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a screening tool for carcinoid heart disease in patients with carcinoid syndrome. | ||
*Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | *Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:<ref name="diagnostics">Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome include an elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.
Laboratory Findings
- Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) are elevated and plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) levels.[1]
- Testing for elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) has a specificity of approximately 88%, although the sensitivity is reported to be as low as 35%.
- Plasma levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) are very sensitive markers of carcinoid syndrome, but not specific as they are also elevated in other types of neuroendocrinal tumors such as pancreatic and small cell lung carcinomas.
- N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide :NT-proBNP is a useful biomarker of carcinoid heart disease at a cutoff level of 260 pg/ml (31 pmol/l).
- N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide used as a screening tool for carcinoid heart disease in patients with carcinoid syndrome.
- Other biochemical markers associated with carcinoid syndrome include:[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Diagnostics: Biochemical Markers, Imaging, and Approach. National cancer institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq