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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Non-small cell lung cancer is caused by DNA mutations as a result of exposure to environmental [[Non small cell lung cancer risk factors|risk factors]].<ref name="NSCL">National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified January 22. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Accessed February 23, 2015</ref> | Non-small cell lung cancer is caused by DNA mutations as a result of exposure to environmental [[Non small cell lung cancer risk factors|risk factors]].<ref name="NSCL">National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified January 22. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Accessed February 23, 2015</ref> | ||
*Genes involved in the pathogenesis of | *Genes involved in the pathogenesis of non small cell cancer of the lung include:<ref>{{cite book | last = Stewart | first = Bernard | title = World cancer report 2014 | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization | location = Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland | year = 2014 | isbn = 9283204298 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Stewart | first = Bernard | title = World cancer report 2014 | publisher = International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization | location = Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland | year = 2014 | isbn = 9283204298 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17625570">{{cite journal| author=Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S et al.| title=Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer. | journal=Nature | year= 2007 | volume= 448 | issue= 7153 | pages= 561-6 | pmid=17625570 | doi=10.1038/nature05945 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17625570 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22919003">{{cite journal| author=Davies KD, Le AT, Theodoro MF, Skokan MC, Aisner DL, Berge EM et al.| title=Identifying and targeting ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer. | journal=Clin Cancer Res | year= 2012 | volume= 18 | issue= 17 | pages= 4570-9 | pmid=22919003 | doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0550 | pmc=PMC3703205 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22919003 }}</ref><ref name="pmid24317180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamamoto H, Higasa K, Sakaguchi M, Shien K, Soh J, Ichimura K, Furukawa M, Hashida S, Tsukuda K, Takigawa N, Matsuo K, Kiura K, Miyoshi S, Matsuda F, Toyooka S |title=Novel germline mutation in the transmembrane domain of HER2 in familial lung adenocarcinomas |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=106 |issue=1 |pages=djt338 |date=January 2014 |pmid=24317180 |pmc=3906987 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djt338 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Activation of [[epidermal growth factor receptor|EGFR]] (7p11) | **Activation of [[epidermal growth factor receptor|EGFR]] (7p11) | ||
**[[KRAS]] (12p12) mutation | **[[KRAS]] (12p12) mutation | ||
Revision as of 18:48, 7 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2],Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [3]
Overview
Cancers are caused by DNA changes that turn on oncogenes or turn off tumor suppressor genes. DNA mutations can be acquired or hereditary. Non-small cell lung cancer may develop by acquired genetic mutation of the TP53 or p16 tumor suppressor genes and the K-RAS or ALK oncogenes as result of exposure to environmental factors such as smoking, asbestos exposure, ionizing radiation, and air pollution, which are considered as risk factors for NSCLC. Hereditary factors in development of lung cancer is poorly understood because they are masked by the influence of environmental factors.
Causes
Non-small cell lung cancer is caused by DNA mutations as a result of exposure to environmental risk factors.[1]
References
- ↑ National Cancer Institute: PDQ® Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. Date last modified January 22. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. Accessed February 23, 2015
- ↑ Stewart, Bernard (2014). World cancer report 2014. Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland: International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization. ISBN 9283204298.
- ↑ Stewart, Bernard (2014). World cancer report 2014. Lyon, France Geneva, Switzerland: International Agency for Research on Cancer,Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization. ISBN 9283204298.
- ↑ Soda M, Choi YL, Enomoto M, Takada S, Yamashita Y, Ishikawa S; et al. (2007). "Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small-cell lung cancer". Nature. 448 (7153): 561–6. doi:10.1038/nature05945. PMID 17625570.
- ↑ Davies KD, Le AT, Theodoro MF, Skokan MC, Aisner DL, Berge EM; et al. (2012). "Identifying and targeting ROS1 gene fusions in non-small cell lung cancer". Clin Cancer Res. 18 (17): 4570–9. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0550. PMC 3703205. PMID 22919003.
- ↑ Yamamoto H, Higasa K, Sakaguchi M, Shien K, Soh J, Ichimura K, Furukawa M, Hashida S, Tsukuda K, Takigawa N, Matsuo K, Kiura K, Miyoshi S, Matsuda F, Toyooka S (January 2014). "Novel germline mutation in the transmembrane domain of HER2 in familial lung adenocarcinomas". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 106 (1): djt338. doi:10.1093/jnci/djt338. PMC 3906987. PMID 24317180.