Pleomorphic adenoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
Line 60: | Line 60: | ||
**Firm | **Firm | ||
**Mobile | **Mobile | ||
**Well demarcated[[File:Pleomorphic adenoma.jpg|thumb|right|Pleomorphic adenoma gross appearance, Calicut Medical College [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0) | **Well demarcated[[File:Pleomorphic adenoma.jpg|thumb|right|Pleomorphic adenoma gross appearance, Calicut Medical College [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]] | ||
**Encapsulated(mostly, but the ''Myxoid'' and ''Stroma'' rich subtype sometimes show focal absences of capsule) <ref name="pmid27040584">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhan KY, Khaja SF, Flack AB, Day TA |title=Benign Parotid Tumors |journal=Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=327–42 |date=April 2016 |pmid=27040584 |doi=10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.005 |url=}}</ref> | **Encapsulated(mostly, but the ''Myxoid'' and ''Stroma'' rich subtype sometimes show focal absences of capsule) <ref name="pmid27040584">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhan KY, Khaja SF, Flack AB, Day TA |title=Benign Parotid Tumors |journal=Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=327–42 |date=April 2016 |pmid=27040584 |doi=10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.005 |url=}}</ref> | ||
**Tan-white in appearance | **Tan-white in appearance |
Revision as of 20:09, 10 January 2019
Pleomorphic adenoma Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Pleomorphic adenoma pathophysiology On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pleomorphic adenoma pathophysiology |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pleomorphic adenoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Physiology
The normal physiology of [name of process] can be understood as follows:
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.
OR
- It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
- [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
- Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
- [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
- The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
- The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Genetics
- PLAG1 and HMGA2 chromosomal rearrangments is specific to Pleomorphic adenoma.
- Some clonal chromosomal abnormalities involving 8q12 and 12q15 have also been described.[1]
Associated Conditions
Conditions associated with [disease name] include:
- [Condition 1]
- [Condition 2]
- [Condition 3]
Gross Pathology
- The gross pathological features of Pleomorphic adenoma are as follows:
- Firm
- Mobile
- Well demarcated
- Encapsulated(mostly, but the Myxoid and Stroma rich subtype sometimes show focal absences of capsule) [2]
- Tan-white in appearance
Microscopic Pathology
- Pleomorphic adenoma has a highly variable appearance on microscopy, hence the name.
- It is characterized by both polygonal epithelial and spindle-shaped myoepithelial cells in a variable stroma matrix which can be either epithelomucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous,or hyaline.
- Epithelial elements are usually polygonal,spindle, or stellate shaped cells which may be arranged into duct-like structures, sheets, clumps or interlacing strands.[3]
- The ducts and tubules exhibiting an outer lining in addition to an inner cuboidal epithelial cell layer are seen.
- This is outer myoepithelial cell layer which merges into the surrounding stroma which also contains dispersed or clumped myoepithelial element cells.[3]
- Some areas of squamous metaplasia and epithelial pearls are also seen.
References
- ↑ Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK (June 2010). "Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 9 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5. PMC 3244097. PMID 22190789.
- ↑ Zhan KY, Khaja SF, Flack AB, Day TA (April 2016). "Benign Parotid Tumors". Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 49 (2): 327–42. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.005. PMID 27040584.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bokhari MR, Greene J. PMID 28613579. Missing or empty
|title=
(help)