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'''Repetin''' is an [[extracellular matrix]] [[protein]] expressed in the [[epidermis]]. In humans it is encoded by the ''RPTN'' gene. Repetin is part of the [[S100 fused-type protein]] family and contains a [[EF hand]] structural domain.
'''Repetin''' is an [[extracellular matrix]] [[protein]] expressed in the [[epidermis]]. In humans it is encoded by the ''RPTN'' gene. Repetin is part of the [[S100 fused-type protein]] family and contains a [[EF hand]] structural domain.


RPTN is one of the genes that differ between present-day humans and [[Neanderthal]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, Fritz MH, Hansen NF, Durand EY, Malaspinas AS, Jensen JD, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Burbano HA, Good JM, Schultz R, Aximu-Petri A, Butthof A, Höber B, Höffner B, Siegemund M, Weihmann A, Nusbaum C, Lander ES, Russ C, Novod N, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Verna C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Z, Gusic I, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Schmitz RW, Johnson PL, Eichler EE, Falush D, Birney E, Mullikin JC, Slatkin M, Nielsen R, Kelso J, Lachmann M, Reich D, Pääbo S | display-authors = 6 | title = A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome | journal = Science | volume = 328 | issue = 5979 | pages = 710–22 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20448178 | doi = 10.1126/science.1188021 }}</ref>
It functions in the cornified [[cell envelope]] formation. It is a multifunctional [[epidermis|epidermal]] matrix protein. RPTN reversibly binds [[calcium]].
It functions in the cornified [[cell envelope]] formation. It is a multifunctional [[epidermis|epidermal]] matrix protein. RPTN reversibly binds [[calcium]].


RPTN is 5,634 bases long. It starts 152,126,071 base pairs from [[Pter (locus)|pter]]. It ends 152,131,704 base pairs from pter. It has a minus strand orientation.
RPTN is 5,634 bases long. It starts 152,126,071 base pairs from [[Pter (locus)|pter]]. It ends 152,131,704 base pairs from pter. It has a minus strand orientation.


RPTN is one of the genes that differ between present-day humans and [[Neanderthal]]s.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, Fritz MH, Hansen NF, Durand EY, Malaspinas AS, Jensen JD, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Burbano HA, Good JM, Schultz R, Aximu-Petri A, Butthof A, Höber B, Höffner B, Siegemund M, Weihmann A, Nusbaum C, Lander ES, Russ C, Novod N, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Verna C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Z, Gusic I, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Schmitz RW, Johnson PL, Eichler EE, Falush D, Birney E, Mullikin JC, Slatkin M, Nielsen R, Kelso J, Lachmann M, Reich D, Pääbo S | display-authors = 6 | title = A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome | journal = Science | volume = 328 | issue = 5979 | pages = 710–22 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20448178 | doi = 10.1126/science.1188021 | pmc=5100745}}</ref>
RPTN helps protect skin cells, and since the Neanderthals were missing this protein, the Neanderthals were better adapted to the cold, but less so to disease. RPTN is one of 30 specific differences between modern man's DNA and Neanderthal's.{{citeneeded|date=January 2016}}
RPTN helps protect skin cells, and since the Neanderthals were missing this protein, the Neanderthals were better adapted to the cold, but less so to disease. RPTN is one of 30 specific differences between modern man's DNA and Neanderthal's.{{citeneeded|date=January 2016}}


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[[Category:S100 fused-type proteins]]
[[Category:S100 fused-type proteins]]
[[Category:Neanderthals]]

Latest revision as of 08:20, 30 April 2018

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Repetin is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in the epidermis. In humans it is encoded by the RPTN gene. Repetin is part of the S100 fused-type protein family and contains a EF hand structural domain.

It functions in the cornified cell envelope formation. It is a multifunctional epidermal matrix protein. RPTN reversibly binds calcium.

RPTN is 5,634 bases long. It starts 152,126,071 base pairs from pter. It ends 152,131,704 base pairs from pter. It has a minus strand orientation.

RPTN is one of the genes that differ between present-day humans and Neanderthals.[1] RPTN helps protect skin cells, and since the Neanderthals were missing this protein, the Neanderthals were better adapted to the cold, but less so to disease. RPTN is one of 30 specific differences between modern man's DNA and Neanderthal's.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, et al. (May 2010). "A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome". Science. 328 (5979): 710–22. doi:10.1126/science.1188021. PMC 5100745. PMID 20448178.
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