| '''Sperm flagellar protein 2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SPEF2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11214970">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Kikuno R, Hattori A, Kondo Y, Okumura K, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 347–55 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11214970 | pmc = | doi = 10.1093/dnares/7.6.347 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16549801">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Thomsen B, Andersson M, Ahola V, Vilkki J | title = An intronic insertion in KPL2 results in aberrant splicing and causes the immotile short-tail sperm defect in the pig | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 103 | issue = 13 | pages = 5006–11 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16549801 | pmc = 1458785 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0506318103 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17610085">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Vilkki J, Bendixen C, Thomsen B | title = Infertile Finnish Yorkshire boars carry a full-length LINE-1 retrotransposon within the KPL2 gene | journal = Molecular Genetics and Genomics | volume = 278 | issue = 4 | pages = 385–91 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17610085 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s00438-007-0256-7 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FLJ23577 KPL2 protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=79925| accessdate = }}</ref> | | '''Sperm flagellar protein 2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''SPEF2'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid11214970">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagase T, Kikuno R, Hattori A, Kondo Y, Okumura K, Ohara O | title = Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XIX. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro | journal = DNA Research | volume = 7 | issue = 6 | pages = 347–55 | date = December 2000 | pmid = 11214970 | pmc = | doi = 10.1093/dnares/7.6.347 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16549801">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Thomsen B, Andersson M, Ahola V, Vilkki J | title = An intronic insertion in KPL2 results in aberrant splicing and causes the immotile short-tail sperm defect in the pig | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 103 | issue = 13 | pages = 5006–11 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16549801 | pmc = 1458785 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0506318103 | url = https://pure.au.dk/ws/files/304964/picrender }}</ref><ref name="pmid17610085">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Vilkki J, Bendixen C, Thomsen B | title = Infertile Finnish Yorkshire boars carry a full-length LINE-1 retrotransposon within the KPL2 gene | journal = Molecular Genetics and Genomics | volume = 278 | issue = 4 | pages = 385–91 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17610085 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s00438-007-0256-7 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: FLJ23577 KPL2 protein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=79925| accessdate = }}</ref> |
| SPEF2 plays an important role in [[spermatogenesis]] and flagellar assembly.<ref name="pmid21715716">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Kotaja N, Mulhern H, Wyatt TA, Sisson JH, Pavlik JA, Miiluniemi M, Fleming MD, Lee L | title = Loss of SPEF2 function in mice results in spermatogenesis defects and primary ciliary dyskinesia | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 85 | issue = 4 | pages = 690–701 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21715716 | pmc = 3184289 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091132 }}</ref> SPEF2 is expressed in all ciliated cells and is required for [[cilia]] function.<ref name=pmid21715716 /><ref name="Sironen_2010" /> Sperm contain cilia, and a [[mutation]] in the SPEF2 gene can cause [[male infertility]] due to immobile [[sperm]].<ref name=pmid21715716 /><ref name="Sironen_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Hansen J, Thomsen B, Andersson M, Vilkki J, Toppari J, Kotaja N | title = Expression of SPEF2 during mouse spermatogenesis and identification of IFT20 as an interacting protein | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 580–90 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19889948 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074971 }}</ref> In a pig animal model, a SPEF2 mutation affects the sperm tail development.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> And a loss of function mutation in SPEF2 in mice causes the big giant head phenotype.<ref name=pmid21715716 /> SPEF2 [[mRNA]] and protein products are localized in germ and [[sertoli]] cells.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> Within these cells, SPEF2 is localized in the [[golgi complex]], manchette, [[basal body]] and mid piece of the sperm tail.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> SPEF2 has been shown to interact with the intracellular transport protein [[IFT20]] in the testis.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> | | SPEF2 plays an important role in [[spermatogenesis]] and flagellar assembly.<ref name="pmid21715716">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Kotaja N, Mulhern H, Wyatt TA, Sisson JH, Pavlik JA, Miiluniemi M, Fleming MD, Lee L | title = Loss of SPEF2 function in mice results in spermatogenesis defects and primary ciliary dyskinesia | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 85 | issue = 4 | pages = 690–701 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21715716 | pmc = 3184289 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.111.091132 }}</ref> SPEF2 is expressed in all ciliated cells and is required for [[cilia]] function.<ref name=pmid21715716 /><ref name="Sironen_2010" /> Sperm contain cilia, and a [[mutation]] in the SPEF2 gene can cause [[male infertility]] due to immobile [[sperm]].<ref name=pmid21715716 /><ref name="Sironen_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sironen A, Hansen J, Thomsen B, Andersson M, Vilkki J, Toppari J, Kotaja N | title = Expression of SPEF2 during mouse spermatogenesis and identification of IFT20 as an interacting protein | journal = Biology of Reproduction | volume = 82 | issue = 3 | pages = 580–90 | date = March 2010 | pmid = 19889948 | doi = 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074971 }}</ref> In a pig animal model, a SPEF2 mutation affects the sperm tail development.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> And a loss of function mutation in SPEF2 in mice causes the big giant head phenotype.<ref name=pmid21715716 /> SPEF2 [[mRNA]] and protein products are localized in germ and [[sertoli]] cells.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> Within these cells, SPEF2 is localized in the [[golgi complex]], manchette, [[basal body]] and mid piece of the sperm tail.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> SPEF2 has been shown to interact with the intracellular transport protein [[IFT20]] in the testis.<ref name="Sironen_2010" /> |
