Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
|||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
** High histological grade | ** High histological grade | ||
** Morphological evidence of invasion of underlying structures | ** Morphological evidence of invasion of underlying structures | ||
?????????? | |||
*Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment, appendix cancer is not an exception. | |||
* Traditionally appandiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal cancers. | |||
* Recent genetic studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from colorectal cancers.<ref name="pmid22342786">{{cite journal| author=Levine EA, Blazer DG, Kim MK, Shen P, Stewart JH, Guy C et al.| title=Gene expression profiling of peritoneal metastases from appendiceal and colon cancer demonstrates unique biologic signatures and predicts patient outcomes. | journal=J Am Coll Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 214 | issue= 4 | pages= 599-606; discussion 606-7 | pmid=22342786 | doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.028 | pmc=3768122 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22342786 }} </ref> | |||
* Presence of mutated TP53 and APC genes were significantly lower in appendiceal cancers compared to colorectal cancers. | |||
* It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ prognosis. <ref name="pmid26821970">{{cite journal| author=Levine EA, Votanopoulos KI, Qasem SA, Philip J, Cummins KA, Chou JW et al.| title=Prognostic Molecular Subtypes of Low-Grade Cancer of the Appendix. | journal=J Am Coll Surg | year= 2016 | volume= 222 | issue= 4 | pages= 493-503 | pmid=26821970 | doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.012 | pmc=4808611 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26821970 }} </ref> | |||
* Mutations in the TP53 significantly decrease life expectancy in patients with appendix cancer. | |||
* Regardless of tumor grade, Tp 53 mutations were associated with poorer outcomes. | |||
* Patients with GNAS mutations had a life expectancy of 10 years after diagnosis. | |||
* Appendiceal tumors with GNAS mutations rarely develop into high-grade tumors. | |||
===Famous Cases=== | |||
The following are a few famous cases of appendix cancer: | |||
*Celebrated actress, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn Audrey Hepburn] was the most famous victims of appendix cancer, she passed away in 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crmagazine.org/archive/Fall2009/Pages/AudreyHepburnAppendixCancer.aspx |title=Audrey Hepburn Appendix Cancer |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Scott Stuart Scott], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN ESPN] sportscast anchor was diagnosed with appendix cancer in 2007 and died 8 years later in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.menshealth.com/health/a19534220/stuart-scott-cancer/ |title=Stuart Scott's Battle With Cancer |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/05/sports/stuart-scott-espn-sportscaster-is-dead-at-49.html?_r=0 |title=Stuart Scott, ESPN’s Voice of Exuberance, Dies at 49 - The New York Times |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:20, 16 January 2019
|
Appendix cancer Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
FDA on Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
CDC on Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis in the news |
|
Blogs on Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Appendix cancer natural history, complications and prognosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- Common complications of appendix cancer include:
- Acute appendicitis
- Pseudomyxoma pritonei
- ?????????
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
| Five year survival rates | ||
|---|---|---|
| Carcinoid tumors | ||
| ||
| Adenocarcinoma | ||
| ||
| * Shows that mucinous adenocarcinoma are less aggressive than nunmnucinous tumors | ||
- Poor prognostic factors for appendiceal adenocarcinoma are as follows:
- Advanced stage
- High grade
- Nonmucinous histology
- Spread of the tumor beyond the left lower quadrant
- Presence of malignant cells outside of the visceral peritoneum of the appendix
- Poor prognostic factors in the presence of pseudomyxoma peritonei are as follows:
- Abdominal distension
- Weight loss
- High histological grade
- Morphological evidence of invasion of underlying structures
??????????
- Genetic studies revolutionized cancer treatment, appendix cancer is not an exception.
- Traditionally appandiceal cancers were approached the same as colorectal cancers.
- Recent genetic studies demonstrated that appendiceal tumors are clearly differ from colorectal cancers.[1]
- Presence of mutated TP53 and APC genes were significantly lower in appendiceal cancers compared to colorectal cancers.
- It has been shown that mutation profiles are associated with the patients’ prognosis. [2]
- Mutations in the TP53 significantly decrease life expectancy in patients with appendix cancer.
- Regardless of tumor grade, Tp 53 mutations were associated with poorer outcomes.
- Patients with GNAS mutations had a life expectancy of 10 years after diagnosis.
- Appendiceal tumors with GNAS mutations rarely develop into high-grade tumors.
Famous Cases
The following are a few famous cases of appendix cancer:
- Celebrated actress, Audrey Hepburn was the most famous victims of appendix cancer, she passed away in 1993.[3]
- Stuart Scott, ESPN sportscast anchor was diagnosed with appendix cancer in 2007 and died 8 years later in 2015.[4]
References
- ↑ Levine EA, Blazer DG, Kim MK, Shen P, Stewart JH, Guy C; et al. (2012). "Gene expression profiling of peritoneal metastases from appendiceal and colon cancer demonstrates unique biologic signatures and predicts patient outcomes". J Am Coll Surg. 214 (4): 599–606, discussion 606-7. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.12.028. PMC 3768122. PMID 22342786.
- ↑ Levine EA, Votanopoulos KI, Qasem SA, Philip J, Cummins KA, Chou JW; et al. (2016). "Prognostic Molecular Subtypes of Low-Grade Cancer of the Appendix". J Am Coll Surg. 222 (4): 493–503. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2015.12.012. PMC 4808611. PMID 26821970.
- ↑ "Audrey Hepburn Appendix Cancer".
- ↑ "Stuart Scott's Battle With Cancer".
- ↑ "Stuart Scott, ESPN's Voice of Exuberance, Dies at 49 - The New York Times".