Breast lumps differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 19:52, 21 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]

Overview

Breast lumps must be differentiated from other diseases such as malignancy, cysts, inflammation and non-inflammatory solid lumps. Breast symptoms such as nipple discharge and mastalgia require assessment as well.

Differentiating Breast lumps from other Diseases

Differential diagnosis of breast lumps include:

Diseases	Benign	Malignant	Clinical manifestation								Paraclinical findings		Gold standard diagnosis
			Demography	History	Symptoms			Signs			Histopathology	Imaging
			Demography	History	Mass	Mastalgia	Nipple discharge	Breast exam	Skin changes	LAP	Histopathology	Imaging
Fibroadenoma^[1]	+	Very slight increased risk of breast cancer in complex fibroadenoma	Most common benign tumor, women aged 20-30 years	Increased in size during pregnancy or with estrogen therapy, and regress after menopause	+	±	–	Solitary Well-defined Mobile mass	–	–	Proliferative breast lesion without atypia	Well-defined Solid mass	Mammography Ultrasound Biopsy
Breast cyst^[2]	+	No increased risk of malignancy for simple cyst <1% for complicated cyst <1% to 23% for complex cyst	Common masses found in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women Mostly seen among HRT users	May resolve after aspiration Further evaluation for not completely resolved masses	+	±	–	Solitary Cluster of small masses or an ill-defined mass Smooth, firm, and frequently tender	–	–	Nonproliferative breast lesions	Simple cyst: Well circumscribed, posterior acoustic enhancement without internal echoes Complicated cyst: Homogenous low-level internal echoes due to without solid components Complex cyst: Thick walls greater than 0.5 mm with solid component	Ultrasound Fine needle aspiration (FNA)
Fibrocystic change^[3]	+	No increased risk of malignancy Slightly increased risk of malignancy in presence of positive familial history of breast cancer	Unknown prevalence among adolescents >50% in women of reproductive age	Become present before menses and improve during mensturation	+	+	±	Painful breast tissue Tender, nodular swelling	–	–	Nonproliferative breast lesions	Small cysts in mammary zone Fibroglandular tissue around the mass	Ultrasound Mammography (it is not recommended for adolescents)
Galactocele^[4]	+	No increased risk of malignancy	Milk retention cysts with fluid collection among pregnant women and during breast-feeding	After ending lactation, the cysts resolve	+	±	±	Soft masses Cystic masses	–	–	Retention cyst resulting from lactiferous duct occlusion	Mammography: Intermediate mass in absence of classic fat-fluid level Ultrasound: Complex mass	Ultrasound Mammography
Cysts of montgomery^[5]	+	No increased risk of malignancy	Most common in age of 10-20 years old	More than 80% resolve spontaneously Drainage is essential in rare cases	+	±	±	Asymptomatic subareolar mass Drainage of clear to brownish fluid	±	–	Acute inflammation due to obstruction of the Montgomery's gland	Single cystic lesion in retroareolar area	Ultrasound
Hamartoma^[6]	+	Coexisting malignancy can occur	Common in women older than 35 years old	Asymptomatic ones found incidentally or painless breast lump Usually excised	±	–	–	Soft breast lump Breast enlargement without palpable mass	±	–	Benign proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue Thin capsule of connective tissue	Well-described Discrete, solid, and encapsulated lesion	Ultrasound Mammography
Breast abscess^[7]	+	No increased risk of malignancy	Complication of lactational mastitis in 14% of cases Common among African American women, heavy smokers , and obese patients	Resolve after drainage/ anti-biotic therapy	+	+	–	Localized inflammation of breast Tenderness	+	–	Inflammatory mass Purulent material drainage either spontaneously or on incision	Fluid collection	Ultrasound
Mastitis^[8]^[9]	+	No increased risk of malignancy	Common among lactating women (first three months of breast-feeding) Periductal mastitis among smokers and associated with squamous metaplasia	Resolve after anti-biotic therapy/ drainage	±	+	±	Breast tenderness Swollen breast tissue	+	–	Breast parenchyma inflammation: Acute mastitis: Staphylococcus infection Granulomatous mastitis: Tuberculosis or sarcoidosis infection	Ill-defined area with hyperechogenicity with inflamed fat lobules Skin thickening	Ultrasound
Diseases	Benign	Malignant	Demography	History	Mass	Pain	Nipple discharge	Breast exam	Skin changes	LAP	Histopathology	Imaging	Gold standard diagnosis
Breast carcinoma^[10]^[11]^[12]	–	+	Most common diagnosed cancer among women Leading cause of cancer death in women 40-49 years old	Positive family history	+	–	±	Hard Immobile Solitary Irregular margin	±	±	Molecular alteration in epithelial cells Ductal Lobular Ductal/lobular Mucinous Tubular Medullary Papillary	Mammography: Spiculated soft tissue, mass microcalcification Ultrasound: Spiculated, hypoechoic lesion, shadowing, internal calcification	Ultrasound Mammography
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)^[13]^[14]	–	+	Contain 25% of all breast cancers Increase risk with aging	Positive family history nulliparity Obesity	±	–	±	May have normal physical exam	–	–	Noninvasive breast cancer Heterogenous group of neoplastic lesions	Suspicious microcalcification	Mammography
Microinvasive breast cancer^[15]	–	+	Uncommon Commonly referred to DCIS with microinvasion Average age 50-60 years old	Nulliparity Positive family history	+	–	±	Solitary Firm palpable mass	–	±	Associated with high grade DCIS	A mass with or without calcification stromal reaction	Mammography
Breast sarcoma^[16]	–	+	Rare type, < 1% of all breast malignancies Average age of between 45-50 years	Positive history of breast cancer Rapid increase in size	+	–	–	Well-defined Firm mass	±	–	Heterogeneous nonepithelial malignancies from connective tissue of breast	Noncalcified oval mass Indistinct margins	Mammography
Phyllodes tumor^[17]^[18]	±	±	Most common in premenopausal women (40-50 years)	Represent 1% of breast tumors Grow aggressively Classify in benign, borderline, and malignant groups	±	–	–	Smooth and multinodular Well-defined Firm mass Mobile	–	–	Nonepithelial breast neoplasm with average size of 5 cm	Solid mass Hypoechoic Well-circumscribed	Ultrasound Mammography
Lymphoma^[19]^[20]	–	+	Extremely rare ( 0.04%-0.5%) Average age 55-60 years	Unilateral mass in older women In childbearing women, bilateral and similar to inflammatory breast cancer, possibly having Burkitt lymphoma	+	–	–	Well-defined, firm mass Multiple	–	±	Diffuse B cell lymphoma	Nonspecific circumscribed masses Without calcification	Mammography Core biopsy
Duct ectasia^[21]	+	–	Common among perimenopausal women	Usually resolve spontaneously	±	±	±	Usually asymptomatic	–	–	Distention of subareolar ducts	Dilated milk ducts Fluid-filled ducts	Ultrasound
Intraductal papilloma^[22]	+	–	Common in women between 35-55 years old	Possibly benign ones Harbor areas of atypia or DCIS Surgical excision is recommended	+	±	±	Solitary or multiple lesion large lump near nipple	–	–	Growth of papillary cell into a lumen	Well-defined Solid nodule	Core needle biopsy
Lipoma^[23]	+	–	Common between age of 40-60 years old	Benign tumors May experience recurrence	+	–	–	Solitary Mobile Soft mass	–	–	Solitary tumor of mature fat cells	Well-Circumscribed Hypoechoic lesion	Core needle biopsy Excisional biopsy
Sclerosing adenosis^[24]^[25]	+	Small risk of malignancy	Result in repeating pain during mensturation	May present as a mass or incidental finding on mammogram No treatment is needed	±	+	–	Multiple lesion Firm Tender nodules	±	–	Proliferative disease	Well-defined or irregular mass Microcalcification	Mammography
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia^[26]^[27]	+	–	Common in reproductive age women	Benign stromal proliferation Stimulation of vascular lesion	+	–	–	Solitary firm mass Thickening	–	–	Slit-like spaces between glandular units Confused with mammary angiosarcoma	Well-defined Solid mass Noncalcified	Ultrasound Mammography
Mondor's disease^[28]^[29]	+	–	Uncommon benign disease Occur on outer side of breast or under nipple	Benign and self-limiting disease Resolve after 4-6 weeks	+	+	–	Thick and tender cord on breast skin	+	–	Thrombophlebitis of superficial veins of the breast	Tubular anechoic structure Multiple narrowing areas	Clinical examination Ultrasound Mammography
Diseases	Benign	Malignant	Demography	History	Mass	Pain	Nipple discharge	Breast exam	Skin changes	LAP	Histopathology	Imaging	Gold standard diagnosis
Diabetic mastopathy^[30]	+	–	Lymphocytic mastitis or mastopathy Common among premenopausal women Longstanding diabetes mellitus type 1	Suspicious breast mass After diagnosis, excision is not required	+	–	–	Ill-defined mass Immobile	–	–	Dense keloid-like fibrosis Periductal, lobular, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration	Irregular mass Hypoechoic Dense lesion	Ultrasound Core needle biopsy
Gynecomastia^[31]^[32]	+	–	Benign breast tissue swelling among men and boys around puberty	Benign proliferation of the male breast glandular tissue Usually underlying nipple mass At least 0.5 cm	+	±	±	Unilateral or bilateral firm mass Breast swelling Rubbery mass	–	–	Glandular breast changes	Nodular pattern Dendritic pattern Diffuse glandular pattern	Ultrasound
Sarcoidosis^[33]	+	–	Rare in patients with systemic involvement	Benign palpable mass May mimic malignancy feature	+	–	–	Firm mass Hard mass	–	–	Idiopathic systemic granulomatous disorder	Irregular, Ill-defined, Spiculated solid mass	Biopsy
Fat necrosis^[34]	+	–	Common among women May mimic malignancy features	Benign breast lumps develop after trauma/ surgery Suspicious lumps required biopsy No excision in established diagnosis	+	±	–	Hard or smooth mass Solitary mass Mobile	–	–	Collections of liquefied fat	Collections of liquefied fat Oil cysts	Ultrasound

References

↑ Pinto, Joana; Aguiar, Ana Teresa; Duarte, Hálio; Vilaverde, Filipa; Rodrigues, Ângelo; Krug, José Luís (2014). "Simple and Complex Fibroadenomas". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 33 (3): 415–419. doi:10.7863/ultra.33.3.415. ISSN 0278-4297.
↑ Courtillot C, Plu-Bureau G, Binart N, Balleyguier C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Goffin V; et al. (2005). "Benign breast diseases". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 10 (4): 325–35. doi:10.1007/s10911-006-9006-4. PMID 16900392.
↑ Templeman C, Hertweck SP (2000). "Breast disorders in the pediatric and adolescent patient". Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 27 (1): 19–34. PMID 10693180.
↑ Sabate JM, Clotet M, Torrubia S, Gomez A, Guerrero R, de las Heras P; et al. (2007). "Radiologic evaluation of breast disorders related to pregnancy and lactation". Radiographics. 27 Suppl 1: S101–24. doi:10.1148/rg.27si075505. PMID 18180221.
↑ De Silva NK, Brandt ML (2006). "Disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, Part 2: breast masses". J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 19 (6): 415–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.09.002. PMID 17174833.
↑ Tse GM, Law BK, Ma TK, Chan AB, Pang LM, Chu WC; et al. (2002). "Hamartoma of the breast: a clinicopathological review". J Clin Pathol. 55 (12): 951–4. PMC 1769817. PMID 12461066.
↑ Dixon JM (2007). "Breast abscess". Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 68 (6): 315–20. doi:10.12968/hmed.2007.68.6.23574. PMID 17639835.
↑ Dixon JM, Ravisekar O, Chetty U, Anderson TJ (1996). "Periductal mastitis and duct ectasia: different conditions with different aetiologies". Br J Surg. 83 (6): 820–2. PMID 8696751.
↑ Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007). "ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects". Obstet Gynecol. 109 (2 Pt 1): 479–80. PMID 17267864.
↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (January 2018). "Cancer statistics, 2018". CA Cancer J Clin. 68 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21442. PMID 29313949.
↑ Li CI, Uribe DJ, Daling JR (October 2005). "Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer". Br. J. Cancer. 93 (9): 1046–52. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602787. PMC 2361680. PMID 16175185.
↑ Parise CA, Bauer KR, Brown MM, Caggiano V (2009). "Breast cancer subtypes as defined by the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among women with invasive breast cancer in California, 1999-2004". Breast J. 15 (6): 593–602. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00822.x. PMID 19764994.
↑ Virnig BA, Tuttle TM, Shamliyan T, Kane RL (February 2010). "Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a systematic review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 102 (3): 170–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp482. PMID 20071685.
↑ Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF (November 2008). "Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 100 (22): 1643–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn344. PMC 2720764. PMID 19001605.
↑ Sue GR, Lannin DR, Killelea B, Chagpar AB (October 2013). "Predictors of microinvasion and its prognostic role in ductal carcinoma in situ". Am. J. Surg. 206 (4): 478–81. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.01.039. PMID 23791403.
↑ Smith TB, Gilcrease MZ, Santiago L, Hunt KK, Yang WT (April 2012). "Imaging features of primary breast sarcoma". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198 (4): W386–93. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.7341. PMID 22451578.
↑ Geisler DP, Boyle MJ, Malnar KF, McGee JM, Nolen MC, Fortner SM, Broughan TA (April 2000). "Phyllodes tumors of the breast: a review of 32 cases". Am Surg. 66 (4): 360–6. PMID 10776873.
↑ Chaney AW, Pollack A, McNeese MD, Zagars GK, Pisters PW, Pollock RE, Hunt KK (October 2000). "Primary treatment of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast". Cancer. 89 (7): 1502–11. PMID 11013364.
↑ Brogi E, Harris NL (June 1999). "Lymphomas of the breast: pathology and clinical behavior". Semin. Oncol. 26 (3): 357–64. PMID 10375092.
↑ Barişta I, Baltali E, Tekuzman G, Kars A, Ruacan S, Ozişik Y, Güler N, Güllü IH, Atahan IL, Firat D (2000). "Primary breast lymphomas--a retrospective analysis of twelve cases". Acta Oncol. 39 (2): 135–9. PMID 10859001.
↑ Schwartz GF (June 1982). "Benign neoplasms and "inflammations" of the breast". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 25 (2): 373–85. PMID 6286199.
↑ Wen X, Cheng W (January 2013). "Nonmalignant breast papillary lesions at core-needle biopsy: a meta-analysis of underestimation and influencing factors". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 20 (1): 94–101. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2590-1. PMID 22878621.
↑ Guray M, Sahin AA (May 2006). "Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management". Oncologist. 11 (5): 435–49. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-5-435. PMID 16720843.
↑ Jensen RA, Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW (1989). "Invasive breast cancer risk in women with sclerosing adenosis". Cancer. 64 (10): 1977–83. PMID 2804888.
↑ Wang J, Costantino JP, Tan-Chiu E, Wickerham DL, Paik S, Wolmark N (2004). "Lower-category benign breast disease and the risk of invasive breast cancer". J Natl Cancer Inst. 96 (8): 616–20. PMID 15100339.
↑ Celliers L, Wong DD, Bourke A (2010). "Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: a study of the mammographic and sonographic features". Clin Radiol. 65 (2): 145–9. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2009.10.003. PMID 20103437.
↑ Salvador R, Lirola JL, Domínguez R, López M, Risueño N (2004). "Pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass: imaging findings in three patients". Breast. 13 (5): 431–5. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2003.10.011. PMID 15454202.
↑ Becker L, McCurdy LI, Taves DH (2001). "Superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast (Mondor's disease)". Can Assoc Radiol J. 52 (3): 193–5. PMID 11436415.
↑ Catania S, Zurrida S, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Bono A, Pluchinotta A (1992). "Mondor's disease and breast cancer". Cancer. 69 (9): 2267–70. PMID 1562972.
↑ Kudva YC, Reynolds C, O'Brien T, Powell C, Oberg AL, Crotty TB (2002). ""Diabetic mastopathy," or sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis, is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 25 (1): 121–6. PMID 11772912.
↑ Draghi F, Tarantino CC, Madonia L, Ferrozzi G (2011). "Ultrasonography of the male breast". J Ultrasound. 14 (3): 122–9. doi:10.1016/j.jus.2011.06.004. PMC 3558246. PMID 23397020.
↑ Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.
↑ Lower EE, Hawkins HH, Baughman RP (2001). "Breast disease in sarcoidosis". Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 18 (3): 301–6. PMID 11587103.
↑ Soo MS, Kornguth PJ, Hertzberg BS (1998). "Fat necrosis in the breast: sonographic features". Radiology. 206 (1): 261–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423681. PMID 9423681.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[PintoAguiar2014-1] Pinto, Joana; Aguiar, Ana Teresa; Duarte, Hálio; Vilaverde, Filipa; Rodrigues, Ângelo; Krug, José Luís (2014). "Simple and Complex Fibroadenomas". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 33 (3): 415–419. doi:10.7863/ultra.33.3.415. ISSN 0278-4297.

[pmid16900392-2] Courtillot C, Plu-Bureau G, Binart N, Balleyguier C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Goffin V; et al. (2005). "Benign breast diseases". J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 10 (4): 325–35. doi:10.1007/s10911-006-9006-4. PMID 16900392.

[pmid10693180-3] Templeman C, Hertweck SP (2000). "Breast disorders in the pediatric and adolescent patient". Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 27 (1): 19–34. PMID 10693180.

[pmid18180221-4] Sabate JM, Clotet M, Torrubia S, Gomez A, Guerrero R, de las Heras P; et al. (2007). "Radiologic evaluation of breast disorders related to pregnancy and lactation". Radiographics. 27 Suppl 1: S101–24. doi:10.1148/rg.27si075505. PMID 18180221.

[pmid17174833-5] De Silva NK, Brandt ML (2006). "Disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, Part 2: breast masses". J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 19 (6): 415–8. doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.09.002. PMID 17174833.

[pmid12461066-6] Tse GM, Law BK, Ma TK, Chan AB, Pang LM, Chu WC; et al. (2002). "Hamartoma of the breast: a clinicopathological review". J Clin Pathol. 55 (12): 951–4. PMC 1769817. PMID 12461066.

[pmid17639835-7] Dixon JM (2007). "Breast abscess". Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 68 (6): 315–20. doi:10.12968/hmed.2007.68.6.23574. PMID 17639835.

[pmid8696751-8] Dixon JM, Ravisekar O, Chetty U, Anderson TJ (1996). "Periductal mastitis and duct ectasia: different conditions with different aetiologies". Br J Surg. 83 (6): 820–2. PMID 8696751.

[pmid17267864-9] Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2007). "ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects". Obstet Gynecol. 109 (2 Pt 1): 479–80. PMID 17267864.

[pmid29313949-10] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (January 2018). "Cancer statistics, 2018". CA Cancer J Clin. 68 (1): 7–30. doi:10.3322/caac.21442. PMID 29313949.

[pmid16175185-11] Li CI, Uribe DJ, Daling JR (October 2005). "Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer". Br. J. Cancer. 93 (9): 1046–52. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602787. PMC 2361680. PMID 16175185.

[pmid19764994-12] Parise CA, Bauer KR, Brown MM, Caggiano V (2009). "Breast cancer subtypes as defined by the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among women with invasive breast cancer in California, 1999-2004". Breast J. 15 (6): 593–602. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00822.x. PMID 19764994.

[pmid20071685-13] Virnig BA, Tuttle TM, Shamliyan T, Kane RL (February 2010). "Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a systematic review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 102 (3): 170–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp482. PMID 20071685.

[pmid19001605-14] Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF (November 2008). "Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States". J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 100 (22): 1643–8. doi:10.1093/jnci/djn344. PMC 2720764. PMID 19001605.

[pmid23791403-15] Sue GR, Lannin DR, Killelea B, Chagpar AB (October 2013). "Predictors of microinvasion and its prognostic role in ductal carcinoma in situ". Am. J. Surg. 206 (4): 478–81. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.01.039. PMID 23791403.

[pmid22451578-16] Smith TB, Gilcrease MZ, Santiago L, Hunt KK, Yang WT (April 2012). "Imaging features of primary breast sarcoma". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198 (4): W386–93. doi:10.2214/AJR.11.7341. PMID 22451578.

[pmid10776873-17] Geisler DP, Boyle MJ, Malnar KF, McGee JM, Nolen MC, Fortner SM, Broughan TA (April 2000). "Phyllodes tumors of the breast: a review of 32 cases". Am Surg. 66 (4): 360–6. PMID 10776873.

[pmid11013364-18] Chaney AW, Pollack A, McNeese MD, Zagars GK, Pisters PW, Pollock RE, Hunt KK (October 2000). "Primary treatment of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast". Cancer. 89 (7): 1502–11. PMID 11013364.

[pmid10375092-19] Brogi E, Harris NL (June 1999). "Lymphomas of the breast: pathology and clinical behavior". Semin. Oncol. 26 (3): 357–64. PMID 10375092.

[pmid10859001-20] Barişta I, Baltali E, Tekuzman G, Kars A, Ruacan S, Ozişik Y, Güler N, Güllü IH, Atahan IL, Firat D (2000). "Primary breast lymphomas--a retrospective analysis of twelve cases". Acta Oncol. 39 (2): 135–9. PMID 10859001.

[pmid6286199-21] Schwartz GF (June 1982). "Benign neoplasms and "inflammations" of the breast". Clin Obstet Gynecol. 25 (2): 373–85. PMID 6286199.

[pmid22878621-22] Wen X, Cheng W (January 2013). "Nonmalignant breast papillary lesions at core-needle biopsy: a meta-analysis of underestimation and influencing factors". Ann. Surg. Oncol. 20 (1): 94–101. doi:10.1245/s10434-012-2590-1. PMID 22878621.

[pmid16720843-23] Guray M, Sahin AA (May 2006). "Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management". Oncologist. 11 (5): 435–49. doi:10.1634/theoncologist.11-5-435. PMID 16720843.

[pmid2804888-24] Jensen RA, Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW (1989). "Invasive breast cancer risk in women with sclerosing adenosis". Cancer. 64 (10): 1977–83. PMID 2804888.

[pmid15100339-25] Wang J, Costantino JP, Tan-Chiu E, Wickerham DL, Paik S, Wolmark N (2004). "Lower-category benign breast disease and the risk of invasive breast cancer". J Natl Cancer Inst. 96 (8): 616–20. PMID 15100339.

[pmid20103437-26] Celliers L, Wong DD, Bourke A (2010). "Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: a study of the mammographic and sonographic features". Clin Radiol. 65 (2): 145–9. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2009.10.003. PMID 20103437.

[pmid15454202-27] Salvador R, Lirola JL, Domínguez R, López M, Risueño N (2004). "Pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass: imaging findings in three patients". Breast. 13 (5): 431–5. doi:10.1016/j.breast.2003.10.011. PMID 15454202.

[pmid11436415-28] Becker L, McCurdy LI, Taves DH (2001). "Superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast (Mondor's disease)". Can Assoc Radiol J. 52 (3): 193–5. PMID 11436415.

[pmid1562972-29] Catania S, Zurrida S, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Bono A, Pluchinotta A (1992). "Mondor's disease and breast cancer". Cancer. 69 (9): 2267–70. PMID 1562972.

[pmid11772912-30] Kudva YC, Reynolds C, O'Brien T, Powell C, Oberg AL, Crotty TB (2002). ""Diabetic mastopathy," or sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis, is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 25 (1): 121–6. PMID 11772912.

[pmid23397020-31] Draghi F, Tarantino CC, Madonia L, Ferrozzi G (2011). "Ultrasonography of the male breast". J Ultrasound. 14 (3): 122–9. doi:10.1016/j.jus.2011.06.004. PMC 3558246. PMID 23397020.

[pmid17881754-32] Braunstein GD (2007). "Clinical practice. Gynecomastia". N Engl J Med. 357 (12): 1229–37. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp070677. PMID 17881754.

[pmid11587103-33] Lower EE, Hawkins HH, Baughman RP (2001). "Breast disease in sarcoidosis". Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 18 (3): 301–6. PMID 11587103.

[pmid9423681-34] Soo MS, Kornguth PJ, Hertzberg BS (1998). "Fat necrosis in the breast: sonographic features". Radiology. 206 (1): 261–9. doi:10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423681. PMID 9423681.

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[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Differential diagnosis of [[breast lumps]] include:
 {|
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Diseases
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Etiology
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Benign
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Malignant
+! colspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="9" |Clinical manifestation
+! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Paraclinical findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="3" |Paraclinical findings
+! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="3" |Associated findings
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |Demography
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |History
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="3" |Symptoms
+! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" colspan="4" |Signs
+! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |Lab findings
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |Histopathology
+! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" |Imaging
 |-
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass
@@ Line 31: / Line 28: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fibroadenoma]]<ref name="PintoAguiar2014">{{cite journal|last1=Pinto|first1=Joana|last2=Aguiar|first2=Ana Teresa|last3=Duarte|first3=Hálio|last4=Vilaverde|first4=Filipa|last5=Rodrigues|first5=Ângelo|last6=Krug|first6=José Luís|title=Simple and Complex Fibroadenomas|journal=Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine|volume=33|issue=3|year=2014|pages=415–419|issn=02784297|doi=10.7863/ultra.33.3.415}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 52: / Line 46: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Proliferative breast lesion without [[atypia]]
@@ Line 60: / Line 52: @@
 * Solid mass
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Mammography]] [[Ultrasound]]
+* [[Mammography]]
+* [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Breast]] [[cyst]]<ref name="pmid16900392">{{cite journal| author=Courtillot C, Plu-Bureau G, Binart N, Balleyguier C, Sigal-Zafrani B, Goffin V et al.| title=Benign breast diseases. | journal=J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia | year= 2005 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 325-35 | pmid=16900392 | doi=10.1007/s10911-006-9006-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16900392  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hormonal]] fluctuation
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 87: / Line 77: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Nonproliferative breast lesions
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* simple [[cyst]]: Well circumscribed, posterior acoustic enhancement without internal echoes
+* Simple [[cyst]]: Well circumscribed, posterior acoustic enhancement without internal echoes
 * Complicated [[cyst]]: Homogenous low-level internal echoes due to without solid components
 * Complex [[cyst]]: Thick walls greater than 0.5 mm with solid component
@@ Line 98: / Line 86: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Fine needle aspiration]] ([[FNA]])
-|NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Fibrocystic change<ref name="pmid10693180">{{cite journal| author=Templeman C, Hertweck SP| title=Breast disorders in the pediatric and adolescent patient. | journal=Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am | year= 2000 | volume= 27 | issue= 1 | pages= 19-34 | pmid=10693180 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10693180  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
-* Imbalance between [[estrogen]] and [[progesterone]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" left" |
@@ Line 121: / Line 105: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Nonproliferative breast lesions
@@ Line 131: / Line 113: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]] (it is not recommended for adolescents)
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Galactocele]]<ref name="pmid18180221">{{cite journal| author=Sabate JM, Clotet M, Torrubia S, Gomez A, Guerrero R, de las Heras P et al.| title=Radiologic evaluation of breast disorders related to pregnancy and lactation. | journal=Radiographics | year= 2007 | volume= 27 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= S101-24 | pmid=18180221 | doi=10.1148/rg.27si075505 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18180221  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Milk duct [[obstruction]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 151: / Line 130: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Retention [[cyst]] resulting from lactiferous duct occlusion
@@ Line 161: / Line 138: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cysts]] of [[Glands of Montgomery|montgomery]]<ref name="pmid17174833">{{cite journal| author=De Silva NK, Brandt ML| title=Disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, Part 2: breast masses. | journal=J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol | year= 2006 | volume= 19 | issue= 6 | pages= 415-8 | pmid=17174833 | doi=10.1016/j.jpag.2006.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17174833  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Obstruction]] of periareolar [[Glands of Montgomery|glands of montgomery]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 182: / Line 156: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Acute]] [[inflammation]] due to [[obstruction]] of the [[Montgomery's glands|Montgomery's gland]]
@@ Line 190: / Line 162: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hemangioma|Hamartoma]]<ref name="pmid12461066">{{cite journal| author=Tse GM, Law BK, Ma TK, Chan AB, Pang LM, Chu WC et al.| title=Hamartoma of the breast: a clinicopathological review. | journal=J Clin Pathol | year= 2002 | volume= 55 | issue= 12 | pages= 951-4 | pmid=12461066 | doi= | pmc=1769817 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12461066  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 211: / Line 180: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Benign]] proliferation of [[fibrous]], [[glandular]], and fatty tissue
@@ Line 222: / Line 189: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Breast abscess]]<ref name="pmid17639835">{{cite journal| author=Dixon JM| title=Breast abscess. | journal=Br J Hosp Med (Lond) | year= 2007 | volume= 68 | issue= 6 | pages= 315-20 | pmid=17639835 | doi=10.12968/hmed.2007.68.6.23574 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17639835  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Complication]] of [[breast]] [[mastitis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 244: / Line 208: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Fever]]
-* [[Malaise]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Blood culture]] is required in severe [[infection]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Inflammatory]] mass  [[Purulent]] material drainage either spontaneously or on [[incision]]
@@ Line 255: / Line 214: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mastitis]]<ref name="pmid8696751">{{cite journal| author=Dixon JM, Ravisekar O, Chetty U, Anderson TJ| title=Periductal mastitis and duct ectasia: different conditions with different aetiologies. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 1996 | volume= 83 | issue= 6 | pages= 820-2 | pmid=8696751 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8696751  }}</ref><ref name="pmid17267864">{{cite journal| author=Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists| title=ACOG Committee Opinion No. 361: Breastfeeding: maternal and infant aspects. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 2007 | volume= 109 | issue= 2 Pt 1 | pages= 479-80 | pmid=17267864 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17267864  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Inflammation]]
-* [[Infection]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 278: / Line 233: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Fever]]
-* [[Nipple]] [[retraction]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Leukocytosis]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Breast]] [[parenchyma]] [[inflammation]]:
 * [[Acute]] [[mastitis]]: [[Staphylococcus]] [[infection]]
@@ Line 291: / Line 241: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
@@ Line 305: / Line 253: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Breast carcinoma]]<ref name="pmid29313949">{{cite journal |vauthors=Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A |title=Cancer statistics, 2018 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=7–30 |date=January 2018 |pmid=29313949 |doi=10.3322/caac.21442 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16175185">{{cite journal |vauthors=Li CI, Uribe DJ, Daling JR |title=Clinical characteristics of different histologic types of breast cancer |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=93 |issue=9 |pages=1046–52 |date=October 2005 |pmid=16175185 |pmc=2361680 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjc.6602787 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19764994">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parise CA, Bauer KR, Brown MM, Caggiano V |title=Breast cancer subtypes as defined by the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among women with invasive breast cancer in California, 1999-2004 |journal=Breast J |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=593–602 |date=2009 |pmid=19764994 |doi=10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00822.x |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Generally unknown
-* [[Genetic]] factors
-* [[Hormonal]] exposure
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
@@ Line 334: / Line 275: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Breast size changes
-* [[Nipple]] abnormality
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Molecular alteration in [[epithelial cells]]
@@ Line 353: / Line 290: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[HER2]] positive or negative
-* [[Estrogen]] [[receptor]] ([[ER]])
-* [[Progesterone receptor]] (PR)
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ductal carcinoma in situ]] ([[DCIS]])<ref name="pmid20071685">{{cite journal |vauthors=Virnig BA, Tuttle TM, Shamliyan T, Kane RL |title=Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a systematic review of incidence, treatment, and outcomes |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=102 |issue=3 |pages=170–8 |date=February 2010 |pmid=20071685 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djp482 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19001605">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brinton LA, Sherman ME, Carreon JD, Anderson WF |title=Recent trends in breast cancer among younger women in the United States |journal=J. Natl. Cancer Inst. |volume=100 |issue=22 |pages=1643–8 |date=November 2008 |pmid=19001605 |pmc=2720764 |doi=10.1093/jnci/djn344 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
-* May be related to genes [[BRCA1]], [[BRCA2]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
@@ Line 378: / Line 308: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Noninvasive [[breast cancer]]
@@ Line 387: / Line 315: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Microinvasive [[breast cancer]]<ref name="pmid23791403">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sue GR, Lannin DR, Killelea B, Chagpar AB |title=Predictors of microinvasion and its prognostic role in ductal carcinoma in situ |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=206 |issue=4 |pages=478–81 |date=October 2013 |pmid=23791403 |doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.01.039 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 –
@@ Line 410: / Line 335: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Associated with high grade [[DCIS]]
@@ Line 419: / Line 342: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Breast]] [[sarcoma]]<ref name="pmid22451578">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TB, Gilcrease MZ, Santiago L, Hunt KK, Yang WT |title=Imaging features of primary breast sarcoma |journal=AJR Am J Roentgenol |volume=198 |issue=4 |pages=W386–93 |date=April 2012 |pmid=22451578 |doi=10.2214/AJR.11.7341 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Primary: Unknown
-* Secondary: [[Radiotherapy]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
@@ Line 441: / Line 360: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Heterogeneous nonepithelial malignancies from [[connective tissue]] of breast
@@ Line 449: / Line 366: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Phyllodes tumor]]<ref name="pmid10776873">{{cite journal |vauthors=Geisler DP, Boyle MJ, Malnar KF, McGee JM, Nolen MC, Fortner SM, Broughan TA |title=Phyllodes tumors of the breast: a review of 32 cases |journal=Am Surg |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=360–6 |date=April 2000 |pmid=10776873 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11013364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chaney AW, Pollack A, McNeese MD, Zagars GK, Pisters PW, Pollock RE, Hunt KK |title=Primary treatment of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast |journal=Cancer |volume=89 |issue=7 |pages=1502–11 |date=October 2000 |pmid=11013364 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
@@ Line 472: / Line 386: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Nonepithelial breast [[neoplasm]] with average size of 5 cm
@@ Line 483: / Line 395: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lymphoma]]<ref name="pmid10375092">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brogi E, Harris NL |title=Lymphomas of the breast: pathology and clinical behavior |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=357–64 |date=June 1999 |pmid=10375092 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10859001">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barişta I, Baltali E, Tekuzman G, Kars A, Ruacan S, Ozişik Y, Güler N, Güllü IH, Atahan IL, Firat D |title=Primary breast lymphomas--a retrospective analysis of twelve cases |journal=Acta Oncol |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=135–9 |date=2000 |pmid=10859001 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
@@ Line 504: / Line 413: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Diffuse [[B cell lymphoma]]
@@ Line 514: / Line 421: @@
 * [[Mammography]]
 * Core [[biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Duct ectasia]]<ref name="pmid6286199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schwartz GF |title=Benign neoplasms and "inflammations" of the breast |journal=Clin Obstet Gynecol |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=373–85 |date=June 1982 |pmid=6286199 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 532: / Line 436: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Distention of subareolar ducts
@@ Line 541: / Line 443: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Intraductal [[papilloma]]<ref name="pmid22878621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wen X, Cheng W |title=Nonmalignant breast papillary lesions at core-needle biopsy: a meta-analysis of underestimation and influencing factors |journal=Ann. Surg. Oncol. |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=94–101 |date=January 2013 |pmid=22878621 |doi=10.1245/s10434-012-2590-1 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 562: / Line 461: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Growth of papillary cell into a lumen
@@ Line 571: / Line 468: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Core needle [[biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lipoma]]<ref name="pmid16720843">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guray M, Sahin AA |title=Benign breast diseases: classification, diagnosis, and management |journal=Oncologist |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=435–49 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16720843 |doi=10.1634/theoncologist.11-5-435 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 592: / Line 486: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Solitary tumor of mature fat cells
@@ Line 602: / Line 494: @@
 * Core needle [[biopsy]]
 * Excisional [[biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sclerosing adenosis]]<ref name="pmid2804888">{{cite journal| author=Jensen RA, Page DL, Dupont WD, Rogers LW| title=Invasive breast cancer risk in women with sclerosing adenosis. | journal=Cancer | year= 1989 | volume= 64 | issue= 10 | pages= 1977-83 | pmid=2804888 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2804888  }}</ref><ref name="pmid15100339">{{cite journal| author=Wang J, Costantino JP, Tan-Chiu E, Wickerham DL, Paik S, Wolmark N| title=Lower-category benign breast disease and the risk of invasive breast cancer. | journal=J Natl Cancer Inst | year= 2004 | volume= 96 | issue= 8 | pages= 616-20 | pmid=15100339 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15100339  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-* Unknown
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Small risk of [[malignancy]]
@@ Line 616: / Line 505: @@
 * No treatment is needed
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-|align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Multiple lesion
 * Firm
@@ Line 624: / Line 513: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |±
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Proliferative disease
@@ Line 633: / Line 520: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 |-
 | align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia<ref name="pmid20103437">{{cite journal| author=Celliers L, Wong DD, Bourke A| title=Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: a study of the mammographic and sonographic features. | journal=Clin Radiol | year= 2010 | volume= 65 | issue= 2 | pages= 145-9 | pmid=20103437 | doi=10.1016/j.crad.2009.10.003 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20103437  }}</ref><ref name="pmid15454202">{{cite journal| author=Salvador R, Lirola JL, Domínguez R, López M, Risueño N| title=Pseudo-angiomatous stromal hyperplasia presenting as a breast mass: imaging findings in three patients. | journal=Breast | year= 2004 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 431-5 | pmid=15454202 | doi=10.1016/j.breast.2003.10.011 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15454202  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-* Unknown
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 646: / Line 530: @@
 * [[Benign]] stromal [[proliferation]]
 * Stimulation of vascular lesion
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 654: / Line 538: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Slit-like spaces between [[glandular]] units
@@ Line 666: / Line 548: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
 |-
 | align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mondor's disease]]<ref name="pmid11436415">{{cite journal| author=Becker L, McCurdy LI, Taves DH| title=Superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast (Mondor's disease). | journal=Can Assoc Radiol J | year= 2001 | volume= 52 | issue= 3 | pages= 193-5 | pmid=11436415 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11436415  }}</ref><ref name="pmid1562972">{{cite journal| author=Catania S, Zurrida S, Veronesi P, Galimberti V, Bono A, Pluchinotta A| title=Mondor's disease and breast cancer. | journal=Cancer | year= 1992 | volume= 69 | issue= 9 | pages= 2267-70 | pmid=1562972 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1562972  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Complication of:
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-* [[Surgery]]
-* Core [[biopsy]]
-* [[Radiation therapy]]
-* [[Trauma]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Uncommon [[benign]] disease
 * Occur on outer side of [[breast]] or under [[nipple]]
-|align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
+| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Benign]] and self-limiting disease
 * Resolve after 4-6 weeks
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Thick and tender cord on breast skin
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |+
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Thrombophlebitis]] of [[superficial]] [[veins]] of the breast
@@ Line 700: / Line 574: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * [[Mammography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
 |-
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
@@ Line 714: / Line 586: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
 | align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Diabetic]] mastopathy<ref name="pmid11772912">{{cite journal| author=Kudva YC, Reynolds C, O'Brien T, Powell C, Oberg AL, Crotty TB| title="Diabetic mastopathy," or sclerosing lymphocytic lobulitis, is strongly associated with type 1 diabetes. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2002 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 121-6 | pmid=11772912 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11772912  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Unknown
-* [[Autoimmune]] reaction
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 742: / Line 608: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Dense keloid-like [[fibrosis]]
@@ Line 754: / Line 618: @@
 * [[Ultrasound]]
 * Core needle [[biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Gynecomastia]]<ref name="pmid23397020">{{cite journal| author=Draghi F, Tarantino CC, Madonia L, Ferrozzi G| title=Ultrasonography of the male breast. | journal=J Ultrasound | year= 2011 | volume= 14 | issue= 3 | pages= 122-9 | pmid=23397020 | doi=10.1016/j.jus.2011.06.004 | pmc=3558246 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23397020  }}</ref><ref name="pmid17881754">{{cite journal| author=Braunstein GD| title=Clinical practice. Gynecomastia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2007 | volume= 357 | issue= 12 | pages= 1229-37 | pmid=17881754 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp070677 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17881754  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hormonal]] imbalance
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 776: / Line 637: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Glandular]] breast changes
@@ Line 786: / Line 645: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="pmid11587103">{{cite journal| author=Lower EE, Hawkins HH, Baughman RP| title=Breast disease in sarcoidosis. | journal=Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis | year= 2001 | volume= 18 | issue= 3 | pages= 301-6 | pmid=11587103 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11587103  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Systemic involvement in [[sarcoidosis]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 806: / Line 662: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Idiopathic]] [[systemic]] [[granulomatous]] disorder
@@ Line 816: / Line 670: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Fat necrosis]]<ref name="pmid9423681">{{cite journal| author=Soo MS, Kornguth PJ, Hertzberg BS| title=Fat necrosis in the breast: sonographic features. | journal=Radiology | year= 1998 | volume= 206 | issue= 1 | pages= 261-9 | pmid=9423681 | doi=10.1148/radiology.206.1.9423681 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9423681  }}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Breast [[trauma]]
-* Surgical intervention
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
@@ Line 840: / Line 690: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |–
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |NA
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Nl
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Collections of liquefied fat
@@ Line 849: / Line 697: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * [[Ultrasound]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | NA
 |}
 ==References==

Breast lumps differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 19:52, 21 January 2019

Overview

Differentiating Breast lumps from other Diseases

References

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