Chronic lymphocytic leukemia laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include abnormal [[complete blood count]], [[immunohistochemistry]], and [[electrophoresis]]. Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing [[B cell]]s is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include abnormal [[complete blood count]], [[immunohistochemistry]], and [[electrophoresis]]. Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing [[B cell]]s is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | ||
==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
===Complete Blood Count=== | ===Complete Blood Count=== | ||
* Absolute [[lymphocytosis]] (>5000 cells/μl) | * Absolute [[lymphocytosis]] (>5000 cells/μl) | ||
* Decreased [[hemoglobin]] concentration | * Decreased [[hemoglobin]] concentration | ||
* Decreased [[platelet]]s count | * Decreased [[platelet]]s count | ||
===Blood Smear=== | ===Blood Smear=== | ||
* Presence of smudge cells | * Presence of smudge cells | ||
===Metabolic Panel=== | ===Metabolic Panel=== | ||
* Elevated [[low-density lipoprotein]] level | * Elevated [[low-density lipoprotein]] level | ||
===Quantitative Immunoglobulin Assay=== | ===Quantitative Immunoglobulin Assay=== | ||
* Quantitative measurement of [[IgA]], [[IgG]], and [[IgM]] [[immunoglobulin]]s to detect [[hypogammaglobulinemia]] | * Quantitative measurement of [[IgA]], [[IgG]], and [[IgM]] [[immunoglobulin]]s to detect [[hypogammaglobulinemia]] | ||
* Elevated β2-microglobulin level | * Elevated β2-microglobulin level | ||
===Electrophoresis=== | ===Electrophoresis=== | ||
* Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing [[B cell]]s is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | * Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing [[B cell]]s is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | ||
===Immunohistochemistry=== | ===Immunohistochemistry=== | ||
* Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells typically express [[CD19]], [[CD20]], [[CD23]], and [[CD5]] on the [[cell]] surface. | * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells typically express [[CD19]], [[CD20]], [[CD23]], and [[CD5]] on the [[cell]] surface. | ||
===Peripheral Blood Cytogenetics=== | ===Peripheral Blood Cytogenetics=== | ||
Peripheral blood cytogenetics and FISH determine prognosis in patients with CLL. The most important prognostic feature is the presence of absence of del(17p), which leads to the loss of ''TP53'', a tumor suppressor gene. Presence of del(13q) is a favorable feature. Presence of del(11q) is an adverse prognostic feature. | Peripheral blood cytogenetics and FISH determine prognosis in patients with CLL. The most important prognostic feature is the presence of absence of del(17p), which leads to the loss of ''TP53'', a tumor suppressor gene. Presence of del(13q) is a favorable feature. Presence of del(11q) is an adverse prognostic feature. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 00:52, 7 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]
Overview
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia include abnormal complete blood count, immunohistochemistry, and electrophoresis. Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing B cells is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Laboratory Findings
Complete Blood Count
- Absolute lymphocytosis (>5000 cells/μl)
- Decreased hemoglobin concentration
- Decreased platelets count
Blood Smear
- Presence of smudge cells
Metabolic Panel
- Elevated low-density lipoprotein level
Quantitative Immunoglobulin Assay
- Quantitative measurement of IgA, IgG, and IgM immunoglobulins to detect hypogammaglobulinemia
- Elevated β2-microglobulin level
Electrophoresis
- Monoclonality of kappa and lambda producing B cells is a key diagnostic feature among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Immunohistochemistry
Peripheral Blood Cytogenetics
Peripheral blood cytogenetics and FISH determine prognosis in patients with CLL. The most important prognostic feature is the presence of absence of del(17p), which leads to the loss of TP53, a tumor suppressor gene. Presence of del(13q) is a favorable feature. Presence of del(11q) is an adverse prognostic feature.