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*'''[[Nerve conduction study|Nerve conduction]] study''' and '''[[electromyography]]''', which demonstrates:<ref name="ser">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nobile-Orazio E, Marmiroli P, Baldini L, Spagnol G, Barbieri S, Moggio M, Polli N, Polli E, Scarlato G |title=Peripheral neuropathy in macroglobulinemia: incidence and antigen-specificity of M proteins |journal=Neurology |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=1506–14 |year=1987 |pmid=2442666 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *'''[[Nerve conduction study|Nerve conduction]] study''' and '''[[electromyography]]''', which demonstrates:<ref name="ser">{{cite journal |vauthors=Nobile-Orazio E, Marmiroli P, Baldini L, Spagnol G, Barbieri S, Moggio M, Polli N, Polli E, Scarlato G |title=Peripheral neuropathy in macroglobulinemia: incidence and antigen-specificity of M proteins |journal=Neurology |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=1506–14 |year=1987 |pmid=2442666 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
**[[Demyelination]] with sensory involvement more than motor | **[[Demyelination]] with sensory involvement more than motor | ||
*'''[[Fundoscopy]]''' | *'''[[Fundoscopy]]''' should be performed in all patients with symptoms of hyperviscosity and/or IgM ≥3000 mg/dL. Fundoscopic findings are as follows:<ref name="pmid27378193">{{cite journal| author=Castillo JJ, Garcia-Sanz R, Hatjiharissi E, Kyle RA, Leleu X, McMaster M et al.| title=Recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia: A Task Force from the 8th International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia. | journal=Br J Haematol | year= 2016 | volume= 175 | issue= 1 | pages= 77-86 | pmid=27378193 | doi=10.1111/bjh.14196 | pmc=5154335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27378193 }} </ref> | ||
**Dilated, segmented, and tortuous [[retinal veins]] giving a "sausage link" appearance | **Dilated, segmented, and tortuous [[retinal veins]] giving a "sausage link" appearance | ||
***Useful in patients with suspected [[hyperviscosity syndrome]] | ***Useful in patients with suspected [[hyperviscosity syndrome]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2] Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[3]
Overview
Other diagnostic studies for Waldenström macroglobulinemia include nerve conduction study, electromyography, funduscopy, and plasma viscosity.
Other Diagnostic Studies
Other diagnostic studies for Waldenström macroglobulinemia include:
- Nerve conduction study and electromyography, which demonstrates:[1]
- Demyelination with sensory involvement more than motor
- Fundoscopy should be performed in all patients with symptoms of hyperviscosity and/or IgM ≥3000 mg/dL. Fundoscopic findings are as follows:[2]
- Dilated, segmented, and tortuous retinal veins giving a "sausage link" appearance
- Useful in patients with suspected hyperviscosity syndrome
- Dilated, segmented, and tortuous retinal veins giving a "sausage link" appearance
- Plasma viscosity, which demonstrates:[3]
- Values > 1.5 centipoise
- Should be measured in patients presenting with signs and symptoms suggestive of hyperviscosity syndrome or whenever the monoclonal IgM protein spike is > 4 g/dL.
- Values > 1.5 centipoise
- Mutational analysis for the MYD88 gene, since the MYD88 L265P mutation is found in 90% of patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia[4]
References
- ↑ Nobile-Orazio E, Marmiroli P, Baldini L, Spagnol G, Barbieri S, Moggio M, Polli N, Polli E, Scarlato G (1987). "Peripheral neuropathy in macroglobulinemia: incidence and antigen-specificity of M proteins". Neurology. 37 (9): 1506–14. PMID 2442666.
- ↑ Castillo JJ, Garcia-Sanz R, Hatjiharissi E, Kyle RA, Leleu X, McMaster M; et al. (2016). "Recommendations for the diagnosis and initial evaluation of patients with Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia: A Task Force from the 8th International Workshop on Waldenström Macroglobulinaemia". Br J Haematol. 175 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1111/bjh.14196. PMC 5154335. PMID 27378193.
- ↑ Crawford J, Cox EB, Cohen HJ (1985). "Evaluation of hyperviscosity in monoclonal gammopathies". Am J Med. 79 (1): 13–22. PMID 4014299.
- ↑ Xu L, Hunter ZR, Yang G, Zhou Y, Cao Y, Liu X; et al. (2013). "MYD88 L265P in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy, and other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders using conventional and quantitative allele-specific polymerase chain reaction". Blood. 121 (11): 2051–8. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-09-454355. PMC 3596964. PMID 23321251.