Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Complete hydatidiform mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype. Partial hydatidiform moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms. Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma. Gestational type choriocarcinoma arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion. Non-gestational type choriocarcinoma arises from pluripotent germ cells. Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve. | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the subtypes is as follows: | The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the subtypes is as follows: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]
Overview
Complete hydatidiform mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype. Partial hydatidiform moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms. Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma. Gestational type choriocarcinoma arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion. Non-gestational type choriocarcinoma arises from pluripotent germ cells. Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve.
Causes
The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the subtypes is as follows:
Hydatidiform mole
- Complete mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype.[1][2]
- Partial moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms.[3][4][5]
Choriocarcinoma
- Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma.[6]
- Gestational type arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion.[7]
- Non-gestational type arises from pluripotent germ cells.[7]
Placental-site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)
- It arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium.[8]
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)
- It arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve.[9]
References
- ↑ Yamashita, Kohki; Ishikawa, Mutsuo; Shimizu, Tetsuya; Kuroda, Makoto (1981). "HLA antigens in husband-wife pairs with trophoblastic tumor". Gynecologic Oncology. 12 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(81)90096-2. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ Fisher RA, Newlands ES (January 1998). "Gestational trophoblastic disease. Molecular and genetic studies". J Reprod Med. 43 (1): 87–97. PMID 9475155.
- ↑ Szulman, A.E.; Surti, Urvashi (1978). "The syndromes of hydatidiform mole". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (6): 665–671. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90829-3. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lawler, Sylvia D.; Fisher, Rosemary A.; Dent, Joan (1991). "A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 164 (5): 1270–1277. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90698-Q. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS (March 1992). "A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy". Obstet Gynecol. 79 (3): 403–10. PMID 1371185.
- ↑ Lurain JR (December 2010). "Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (6): 531–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073. PMID 20728069.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E (2018). "Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Rep Oncol. 11 (1): 151–158. doi:10.1159/000486639. PMC 5903105. PMID 29681814.
- ↑ https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic
- ↑ Stănculescu RV, Bauşic V, Vlădescu TC, Vasilescu F, Brătilă E (2016). "Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report and literature review". Rom J Morphol Embryol. 57 (4): 1365–1370. PMID 28174805.