Appendix cancer classification

Appendix cancer Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Epidemiology and Demographics
Differentiating Appendix cancer from other Diseases
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
MRI
CT scan
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Appendix cancer classification On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Appendix cancer classification All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Appendix cancer classification
CDC on Appendix cancer classification
Appendix cancer classification in the news
Blogs on Appendix cancer classification
Directions to Hospitals Treating Appendix cancer
Risk calculators and risk factors for Appendix cancer classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]

Overview

• Appendix cancer is classified according to the histological findings. According to WHO classification, there are four major groups of appendix cancer including epithelial tumors, non-epithelial tumors, secondary tumors, and hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps. Carcinoid (well differentiated endocrine neoplasm), and adenocarcinoma are two major subtypes of epithelial tumors, making the majority of appendix cancer cases.

Classification

• Appendix cancer may be classified according to WHO classification into 4 groups:

• Epithelial tumors
• Non-epithelial tumors
• Secondary tumors
• Hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps.

• The table below summarizes the different types of appendix cancer according to the WHO classification.

WHO histological classification Tumors of the appendix (Adapted from WHO/IARC)
Epithelial tumors	Non-epithelial tumors	Secondary tumors	Hyperplastic polyp
Adenoma Tubular Villous Tubulovillous Serrated Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Mucinous adenocarcinoma Signet-ring cell carcinoma Small cell carcinoma Undifferentiated carcinoma Carcinoid (well differentiated endocrine neoplasm) EC-cell, serotonin-producing neoplasm L-cell, glucagon-like peptide and PP/PYY producing tumour others Tubular carcinoid Goblet cell carcinoid (mucinous carcinoid) Mixed carcinoid-adenocarcinoma Others	Neuroma Lipoma Leiomyoma Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Leiomyosarcoma Kaposi sarcoma Others Malignant lymphoma

Other classifications

• Appendical mucucele : classification:

• Mucosal hyperplasia

• Simple or retention cyst

• Mucinous cystadenoma

• Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma: worst prognosis

• Appendix adenocarcinoma has been also classified as follows:

• Mucinous type adenocarcinoma : (most common): most favorable prognosis

• Intestinal or colonic adenocarcinoma :(less common): similar to colon adenocarcinoma

• Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma : (least common), poor prognosis