Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Complete hydatidiform mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype. Partial hydatidiform moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms. Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma. Gestational type choriocarcinoma arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion. Non-gestational type choriocarcinoma | [[Hydatidiform mole|Complete hydatidiform mole]] arises when an [[ovum]] without maternal [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] is [[Fertilization|fertilized]] by one [[sperm]] which duplicates its [[DNA]], resulting in a 46XX androgenetic [[karyotype]]. [[Hydatidiform mole|Partial hydatidiform moles]] are almost always [[Polyploidy|triploid]], resulting from the [[fertilization]] of a healthy [[ovum]] by two [[Sperm|sperms]]. Abnormal [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] population undergoing [[hyperplasia]] and [[anaplasia]] can give rise to choriocarcinoma. [[Gestation|Gestational]] type choriocarcinoma arises following a [[hydatidiform mole]], normal [[pregnancy]], or most commonly, abortion. Non-[[Gestation|gestational]] type choriocarcinoma arises from [[Pluripotency|pluripotent]] [[Germ cell|germ cells]]. [[Placenta|Placental]]-site [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[tumor]] (PSTT) arises from the [[Placenta|placental]] implantation site when the [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] infiltrate the [[myometrium]]. [[Epithelioid]] [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[tumor]] (ETT) arises from the intermediate [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] of [[chorion]] laeve. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the | The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the sub-types is as follows: | ||
'''Hydatidiform mole''' | '''Hydatidiform mole''' | ||
*Complete mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype.<ref name="YamashitaIshikawa1981">{{cite journal|last1=Yamashita|first1=Kohki|last2=Ishikawa|first2=Mutsuo|last3=Shimizu|first3=Tetsuya|last4=Kuroda|first4=Makoto|title=HLA antigens in husband-wife pairs with trophoblastic tumor|journal=Gynecologic Oncology|volume=12|issue=1|year=1981|pages=68–74|issn=00908258|doi=10.1016/0090-8258(81)90096-2}}</ref><ref name="pmid9475155">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fisher RA, Newlands ES |title=Gestational trophoblastic disease. Molecular and genetic studies |journal=J Reprod Med |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=87–97 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9475155 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Hydatidiform mole|Complete mole]] arises when an [[ovum]] without maternal [[Chromosome|chromosomes]] is [[Fertilization|fertilized]] by one [[sperm]] which duplicates its [[DNA]], resulting in a 46XX androgenetic [[karyotype]].<ref name="YamashitaIshikawa1981">{{cite journal|last1=Yamashita|first1=Kohki|last2=Ishikawa|first2=Mutsuo|last3=Shimizu|first3=Tetsuya|last4=Kuroda|first4=Makoto|title=HLA antigens in husband-wife pairs with trophoblastic tumor|journal=Gynecologic Oncology|volume=12|issue=1|year=1981|pages=68–74|issn=00908258|doi=10.1016/0090-8258(81)90096-2}}</ref><ref name="pmid9475155">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fisher RA, Newlands ES |title=Gestational trophoblastic disease. Molecular and genetic studies |journal=J Reprod Med |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=87–97 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9475155 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Partial moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms.<ref name="SzulmanSurti1978">{{cite journal|last1=Szulman|first1=A.E.|last2=Surti|first2=Urvashi|title=The syndromes of hydatidiform mole|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=131|issue=6|year=1978|pages=665–671|issn=00029378|doi=10.1016/0002-9378(78)90829-3}}</ref><ref name="LawlerFisher1991">{{cite journal|last1=Lawler|first1=Sylvia D.|last2=Fisher|first2=Rosemary A.|last3=Dent|first3=Joan|title=A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=164|issue=5|year=1991|pages=1270–1277|issn=00029378|doi=10.1016/0002-9378(91)90698-Q}}</ref><ref name="pmid1371185">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS |title=A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=403–10 |date=March 1992 |pmid=1371185 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Hydatidiform mole|Partial moles]] are almost always [[Polyploidy|triploid]], resulting from the [[fertilization]] of a healthy [[ovum]] by two [[Sperm|sperms]].<ref name="SzulmanSurti1978">{{cite journal|last1=Szulman|first1=A.E.|last2=Surti|first2=Urvashi|title=The syndromes of hydatidiform mole|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=131|issue=6|year=1978|pages=665–671|issn=00029378|doi=10.1016/0002-9378(78)90829-3}}</ref><ref name="LawlerFisher1991">{{cite journal|last1=Lawler|first1=Sylvia D.|last2=Fisher|first2=Rosemary A.|last3=Dent|first3=Joan|title=A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles|journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=164|issue=5|year=1991|pages=1270–1277|issn=00029378|doi=10.1016/0002-9378(91)90698-Q}}</ref><ref name="pmid1371185">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS |title=A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=403–10 |date=March 1992 |pmid=1371185 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
'''Choriocarcinoma''' | '''Choriocarcinoma''' | ||
*Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma.<ref name="pmid20728069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lurain JR |title=Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=203 |issue=6 |pages=531–9 |date=December 2010 |pmid=20728069 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073 |url=}}</ref> | *Abnormal [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] population undergoing [[hyperplasia]] and [[anaplasia]] can give rise to choriocarcinoma.<ref name="pmid20728069">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lurain JR |title=Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=203 |issue=6 |pages=531–9 |date=December 2010 |pmid=20728069 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Gestational type arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion.<ref name="pmid29681814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E |title=Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature |journal=Case Rep Oncol |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |date=2018 |pmid=29681814 |pmc=5903105 |doi=10.1159/000486639 |url=}}</ref> | *[[Gestation|Gestational]] type arises following a [[hydatidiform mole]], normal [[pregnancy]], or most commonly, abortion.<ref name="pmid29681814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E |title=Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature |journal=Case Rep Oncol |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |date=2018 |pmid=29681814 |pmc=5903105 |doi=10.1159/000486639 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Non-gestational type arises from pluripotent germ cells.<ref name="pmid29681814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E |title=Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature |journal=Case Rep Oncol |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |date=2018 |pmid=29681814 |pmc=5903105 |doi=10.1159/000486639 |url=}}</ref> | *Non-[[Gestation|gestational]] type arises from [[Pluripotency|pluripotent]] [[Germ cell|germ cells]].<ref name="pmid29681814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E |title=Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature |journal=Case Rep Oncol |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=151–158 |date=2018 |pmid=29681814 |pmc=5903105 |doi=10.1159/000486639 |url=}}</ref> | ||
'''Placental-site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)''' | '''Placental-site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)''' | ||
*It arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium.<ref>https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic</ref> | *It arises from the [[Placenta|placental]] implantation site when the [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] infiltrate the [[myometrium]].<ref>https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic</ref> | ||
'''Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)''' | '''Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)''' | ||
*It arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve.<ref name="pmid28174805">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stănculescu RV, Bauşic V, Vlădescu TC, Vasilescu F, Brătilă E |title=Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report and literature review |journal=Rom J Morphol Embryol |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1365–1370 |date=2016 |pmid=28174805 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *It arises from the intermediate [[Trophoblast|trophoblastic]] [[Cell (biology)|cells]] of [[chorion]] laeve.<ref name="pmid28174805">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stănculescu RV, Bauşic V, Vlădescu TC, Vasilescu F, Brătilă E |title=Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report and literature review |journal=Rom J Morphol Embryol |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1365–1370 |date=2016 |pmid=28174805 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:11, 20 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[2]
Overview
Complete hydatidiform mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype. Partial hydatidiform moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms. Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma. Gestational type choriocarcinoma arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion. Non-gestational type choriocarcinoma arises from pluripotent germ cells. Placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium. Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve.
Causes
The causality of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia based on the sub-types is as follows:
Hydatidiform mole
- Complete mole arises when an ovum without maternal chromosomes is fertilized by one sperm which duplicates its DNA, resulting in a 46XX androgenetic karyotype.[1][2]
- Partial moles are almost always triploid, resulting from the fertilization of a healthy ovum by two sperms.[3][4][5]
Choriocarcinoma
- Abnormal trophoblastic population undergoing hyperplasia and anaplasia can give rise to choriocarcinoma.[6]
- Gestational type arises following a hydatidiform mole, normal pregnancy, or most commonly, abortion.[7]
- Non-gestational type arises from pluripotent germ cells.[7]
Placental-site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)
- It arises from the placental implantation site when the trophoblastic cells infiltrate the myometrium.[8]
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)
- It arises from the intermediate trophoblastic cells of chorion laeve.[9]
References
- ↑ Yamashita, Kohki; Ishikawa, Mutsuo; Shimizu, Tetsuya; Kuroda, Makoto (1981). "HLA antigens in husband-wife pairs with trophoblastic tumor". Gynecologic Oncology. 12 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1016/0090-8258(81)90096-2. ISSN 0090-8258.
- ↑ Fisher RA, Newlands ES (January 1998). "Gestational trophoblastic disease. Molecular and genetic studies". J Reprod Med. 43 (1): 87–97. PMID 9475155.
- ↑ Szulman, A.E.; Surti, Urvashi (1978). "The syndromes of hydatidiform mole". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (6): 665–671. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(78)90829-3. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lawler, Sylvia D.; Fisher, Rosemary A.; Dent, Joan (1991). "A prospective genetic study of complete and partial hydatidiform moles". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 164 (5): 1270–1277. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90698-Q. ISSN 0002-9378.
- ↑ Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS (March 1992). "A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy". Obstet Gynecol. 79 (3): 403–10. PMID 1371185.
- ↑ Lurain JR (December 2010). "Gestational trophoblastic disease I: epidemiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease, and management of hydatidiform mole". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 203 (6): 531–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.073. PMID 20728069.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Stockton L, Green E, Kaur B, De Winton E (2018). "Non-Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Widespread Metastases Presenting with Type 1 Respiratory Failure in a 39-Year-Old Female: Case Report and Review of the Literature". Case Rep Oncol. 11 (1): 151–158. doi:10.1159/000486639. PMC 5903105. PMID 29681814.
- ↑ https://www.cancer.gov/types/gestational-trophoblastic
- ↑ Stănculescu RV, Bauşic V, Vlădescu TC, Vasilescu F, Brătilă E (2016). "Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor: a case report and literature review". Rom J Morphol Embryol. 57 (4): 1365–1370. PMID 28174805.