Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Physiology=== | ===Physiology=== | ||
The normal physiology of semicircular canals can be understood as follows: | The normal [[physiology]] of [[semicircular canals]] can be understood as follows:<ref name="pmid1925743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chester JB |title=Whiplash, postural control, and the inner ear |journal=Spine |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=716–20 |date=July 1991 |pmid=1925743 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* One of the most important inner ear structures are horizontal, superior (anterior) and posterior semicircular canals. | * One of the most important [[inner ear]] structures are [[Horizontal semicircular canal|horizontal]], [[Superior semicircular canal|superior]] (anterior) and [[Posterior semicircular canal|posterior semicircular canals]]. | ||
* There is an osseous | * There is an [[osseous ampullae]] at the end of each [[semicircular canal]] which consist of ampulla crest, the [[crista ampullaris]], and [[Hair cell|hair cells]]. | ||
* Semicircular canals are hollow structures with endolymph inside them. | * [[Semicircular canals]] are hollow structures with [[endolymph]] inside them. | ||
* The movement of endolymph following changing head position will stimulate hair cells to send an impulse to the brain, determining the head position. | * The movement of [[endolymph]] following changing head position will stimulate [[hair cells]] to send an impulse to the [[brain]], determining the head position. | ||
* The horizontal semicircular canal detects the head movement in the transverse plane (head turning to right and left). | * The [[horizontal semicircular canal]] detects the head movement in the [[transverse plane]] ([[Head-related transfer function|head]] turning to right and left). | ||
* The superior (anterior) semicircular canal detects head rotational movement in the sagittal plane (head nodding). | * The [[Superior semicircular canal|superior (anterior) semicircular canal]] detects [[head]] [[rotational]] movement in the [[sagittal plane]] (head nodding). | ||
* The posterior semicircular canal detects head rotational movement in the coronal plane (head touching the shoulders) | * The [[posterior semicircular canal]] detects [[head]] [[rotational]] movement in the [[coronal plane]] ([[head]] touching the [[shoulders]]) | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | ===Pathogenesis=== | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 22 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Physiology
The normal physiology of semicircular canals can be understood as follows:[1]
- One of the most important inner ear structures are horizontal, superior (anterior) and posterior semicircular canals.
- There is an osseous ampullae at the end of each semicircular canal which consist of ampulla crest, the crista ampullaris, and hair cells.
- Semicircular canals are hollow structures with endolymph inside them.
- The movement of endolymph following changing head position will stimulate hair cells to send an impulse to the brain, determining the head position.
- The horizontal semicircular canal detects the head movement in the transverse plane (head turning to right and left).
- The superior (anterior) semicircular canal detects head rotational movement in the sagittal plane (head nodding).
- The posterior semicircular canal detects head rotational movement in the coronal plane (head touching the shoulders)
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not completely understood.
OR
- It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
- [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
- Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
- [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
- The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
- The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Genetics
[Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
OR
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include:
- [Gene1]
- [Gene2]
- [Gene3]
OR
The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:
- [Mutation 1]
- [Mutation 2]
- [Mutation 3]
Associated Conditions
Conditions associated with [disease name] include:
- [Condition 1]
- [Condition 2]
- [Condition 3]
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].