Ovarian germ cell tumor MRI: Difference between revisions
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==Pelvic MRI== | ==Pelvic MRI== | ||
Pelvic MRI is sensitive in the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include: | Pelvic MRI is sensitive in the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include:<ref name="pmid11259710">{{cite journal |vauthors=Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL |title=Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics |journal=Radiographics |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=475–90 |date=2001 |pmid=11259710 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Fat | *Fat | ||
**Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways: | **Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways: | ||
Revision as of 20:33, 27 February 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
It is difficult to distinguish subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumor on MRI alone. The majority of ovarian germ cell tumors have a solid and cystic appearance with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On MRI, ovarian germ cell tumors may be characterized by T2: the septae are often hypointense or isointense T1 C+ (Gd): the septae often show marked enhancement (dysgerminoma), the presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat (mature teratoma), areas of hemorrhage can also be seen (yolk sac tumor).[1][2][3]
Pelvic MRI
Pelvic MRI is sensitive in the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include:[4]
- Fat
- Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways:
- Chemical-shift artifact in the frequency-encoding direction
- Gradient-echo imaging with an echo time when water and fat are in the opposite state
- Sequences with frequency-selective fat saturation
- Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways:
- Calcification
OR There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, a MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3]
Dysgerminomas [1]
- Tumors are often seen divided into lobules by septa
- Reported signal characteristics include:
- T2: the septae are often hypointense
- isointense T1 C+ (Gd): the septae often show marked enhancement
Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma[2]
- MR evaluation usually tends to be reserved for difficult cases, but is exquisitely sensitive to fat components
- Both fat suppression techniques and chemical shift artefact can be used to confirm the presence of fat
- Enhancement is also able to identify solid invasive components, and as such can be used to accurately locally stage malignant variants
Immature ovarian teratoma[5]
- The presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat is suggestive. Cystic components may contain serous, mucinous, or fatty sebaceous material
- Hemorrhage may be present
Ovarian yolk sac tumor [3]
- They can be associated with prominent signal voids on MRI
- Areas of hemorrhage can also be seen
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Ovarian yolk sac tumour. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-yolk-sac-tumour. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
- ↑ Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015