Ovarian germ cell tumor MRI: Difference between revisions
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* Hemorrhage may be present | * Hemorrhage may be present | ||
'''Ovarian yolk sac tumor''' <ref name= | '''Ovarian yolk sac tumor''' | ||
* | * The bright dot sign (enhancing foci in the wall or solid component) is the common finding, although it is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | ||
* Areas of hemorrhage can also be | * Capsular tear is another common finding which is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor. | ||
* Areas of hemorrhage with high signal intensity on T1 images can also be observed. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 18:41, 4 March 2019
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Ovarian germ cell tumor Microchapters |
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Ovarian germ cell tumor MRI On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Ovarian germ cell tumor MRI |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, an MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
It is difficult to distinguish subtypes of ovarian germ cell tumor on MRI alone. The majority of ovarian germ cell tumors have a solid and cystic appearance with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. On MRI, ovarian germ cell tumors may be characterized by T2: the septae are often hypointense or isointense T1 C+ (Gd): the septae often show marked enhancement (dysgerminoma), the presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat (mature teratoma), areas of hemorrhage can also be seen (yolk sac tumor).[1][2][3]
Pelvic MRI
Mature teratoma Pelvic MRI is sensitive in the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Findings on MRI suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include:[4]
- Fat
- Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways:
- Chemical-shift artifact in the frequency-encoding direction
- Gradient-echo imaging with an echo time when water and fat are in the opposite state
- Sequences with frequency-selective fat saturation
- Fat may be misdiagnosed with hemorrhage in the hemorrhagic cysts and it should be differentiated from that in three following ways:
- Calcification
- Fat–fluid level
- Tuft\Hairs
- Palm tree-like protrusion
- Dermoid nipples (Rokitansky nodules)
Mondermal teratoma
- Struma ovarii:
- MR imaging findings may be more characteristics for the diagnosis and include:[5]
- Absence of fat
- Cystic spaces with both high and low signal intensity on T1 and T2 images
- Thick, gelatinous colloid of struma may be associated with a low-intensity signal on both T1 and T2 images.
- A multilocular mass with variable degree of signal intensity in T1 and T2 images in the locular spaces.
- MR imaging findings may be more characteristics for the diagnosis and include:[5]
- Carcinoid tumor:
- Absence of fat
- It should be distinguished from other solid malignancies.
There are no MRI findings associated with [disease name]. However, an MRI may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3]
Dysgerminomas [1]
- Tumors are often seen divided into lobules by septa
- Reported signal characteristics include:
- T2: the septae are often hypointense
- isointense T1 C+ (Gd): the septae often show marked enhancement
Immature ovarian teratoma[6]
- The presence of a prominent solid component containing calcifications and small foci of fat is suggestive. Cystic components may contain serous, mucinous, or fatty sebaceous material
- Hemorrhage may be present
Ovarian yolk sac tumor
- The bright dot sign (enhancing foci in the wall or solid component) is the common finding, although it is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.[7]
- Capsular tear is another common finding which is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.
- Areas of hemorrhage with high signal intensity on T1 images can also be observed.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Ovarian yolk sac tumour. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-yolk-sac-tumour. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
- ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). "Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics". RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.