Ovarian germ cell tumor CT: Difference between revisions
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There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | ||
It is difficult to distinguish ovarian germ cell tumors on CT alone. [[Dysgerminoma]] often appears as multilobulated solid masses with prominent fibrovascular septa while mature ovarian teratoma may demonstrate fat (areas with very low Hounsfield values), fat-fluid level, calcification (sometimes dentiform), Rokitansky protuberance, and tufts of [[hair]].<ref name= xab> Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref><ref name= abc> Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref><ref name= yyy> Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref> | It is difficult to distinguish ovarian germ cell tumors on CT alone. [[Dysgerminoma]] often appears as multilobulated solid masses with prominent fibrovascular septa while mature ovarian teratoma may demonstrate fat (areas with very low Hounsfield values), fat-fluid level, calcification (sometimes dentiform), Rokitansky protuberance, and tufts of [[hair]].<ref name="xab">Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref><ref name="abc">Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref><ref name="yyy">Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015</ref> | ||
==CT== | ==CT== | ||
===Mature teratoma=== | ===Mature teratoma=== | ||
[[CT scan]] is a sensitive method to | [[CT scan]] is a sensitive method to [[diagnose]] [[Mature cystic teratoma|mature teratoma]]. Findings on [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] suggestive of/diagnostic of [[Mature cystic teratoma|mature teratoma]] include:<ref name="pmid11259710">{{cite journal |vauthors=Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL |title=Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics |journal=Radiographics |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=475–90 |date=2001 |pmid=11259710 |doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Fat attenuation | *[[Fat]] attenuation | ||
*Presence or absence of calcification in the cyst wall | *Presence or absence of [[calcification]] in the [[cyst]] wall | ||
*Gravity dependent layering<ref name="SabaGuerriero2009">{{cite journal|last1=Saba|first1=Luca|last2=Guerriero|first2=Stefano|last3=Sulcis|first3=Rosa|last4=Virgilio|first4=Bruna|last5=Melis|first5=GianBenedetto|last6=Mallarini|first6=Giorgio|title=Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics|journal=European Journal of Radiology|volume=72|issue=3|year=2009|pages=454–463|issn=0720048X|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044}}</ref> | *Gravity dependent layering<ref name="SabaGuerriero2009">{{cite journal|last1=Saba|first1=Luca|last2=Guerriero|first2=Stefano|last3=Sulcis|first3=Rosa|last4=Virgilio|first4=Bruna|last5=Melis|first5=GianBenedetto|last6=Mallarini|first6=Giorgio|title=Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics|journal=European Journal of Radiology|volume=72|issue=3|year=2009|pages=454–463|issn=0720048X|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044}}</ref> | ||
*Palm-tree like protrusion | *Palm-tree like protrusion | ||
*Fat- | *[[Fat]]-[[fluid]] levels | ||
* Whenever cauliflower appearance with irregular borders are observed, [[malignant]] | * Whenever cauliflower appearance with irregular borders are observed, [[malignant transformation]] should be suspected.<ref name="SabaGuerriero2009">{{cite journal|last1=Saba|first1=Luca|last2=Guerriero|first2=Stefano|last3=Sulcis|first3=Rosa|last4=Virgilio|first4=Bruna|last5=Melis|first5=GianBenedetto|last6=Mallarini|first6=Giorgio|title=Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics|journal=European Journal of Radiology|volume=72|issue=3|year=2009|pages=454–463|issn=0720048X|doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044}}</ref> | ||
===Immature teratoma=== | ===Immature teratoma=== | ||
CT scan findings of immature teratoma are characteristics and include:<ref name="OutwaterSiegelman2001">{{cite journal|last1=Outwater|first1=Eric K.|last2=Siegelman|first2=Evan S.|last3=Hunt|first3=Jennifer L.|title=Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2001|pages=475–490|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475}}</ref> | [[CT scan]] findings of immature [[teratoma]] are characteristics and include:<ref name="OutwaterSiegelman2001">{{cite journal|last1=Outwater|first1=Eric K.|last2=Siegelman|first2=Evan S.|last3=Hunt|first3=Jennifer L.|title=Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=21|issue=2|year=2001|pages=475–490|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475}}</ref> | ||
* A large, irregular solid mass | * A large, irregular [[solid]] [[mass]] | ||
* Presence of coarse calcification | * Presence of coarse [[calcification]] | ||
* Small foci of fat | * Small foci of [[fat]] | ||
* Hemorrhage may also be present. | * [[Hemorrhage]] may also be present. | ||
===Dysgerminoma=== | ===Dysgerminoma=== | ||
* Lobulated pattern in the solid portion<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | * [[Lobular|Lobulated]] pattern in the [[solid]] portion<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | ||
* Areas of septa which are enhnacing | * Areas of [[septa]] which are enhnacing | ||
* Areas of hemorrhage and necrosis which appear cystic | * Areas of [[hemorrhage]] and [[necrosis]] which appear [[cystic]] | ||
* Speckled pattern of calcification | * Speckled pattern of [[calcification]] | ||
===Yolk sac tumor=== | ===Yolk sac tumor=== | ||
* The bright dot sign (enhancing foci in the wall or solid component) is the common finding, although it is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | * The bright dot [[Sign name|sign]] (enhancing foci in the wall or [[solid]] component) is the common finding, although it is not the pathognomonic finding for the [[yolk sac tumor]].<ref name="ShaabanRezvani2014">{{cite journal|last1=Shaaban|first1=Akram M.|last2=Rezvani|first2=Maryam|last3=Elsayes|first3=Khaled M.|last4=Baskin|first4=Henry|last5=Mourad|first5=Amr|last6=Foster|first6=Bryan R.|last7=Jarboe|first7=Elke A.|last8=Menias|first8=Christine O.|title=Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features|journal=RadioGraphics|volume=34|issue=3|year=2014|pages=777–801|issn=0271-5333|doi=10.1148/rg.343130067}}</ref> | ||
* Capsular tear is another common finding which is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor. | * [[Capsule|Capsular]] tear is another common finding which is not the pathognomonic finding for the [[yolk sac tumor]]. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 17:52, 14 March 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Monalisa Dmello, M.B,B.S., M.D. [2]
Overview
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name].
OR
[Location] CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of [disease name]. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
OR
There are no CT scan findings associated with [disease name]. However, a CT scan may be helpful in the diagnosis of complications of [disease name], which include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
It is difficult to distinguish ovarian germ cell tumors on CT alone. Dysgerminoma often appears as multilobulated solid masses with prominent fibrovascular septa while mature ovarian teratoma may demonstrate fat (areas with very low Hounsfield values), fat-fluid level, calcification (sometimes dentiform), Rokitansky protuberance, and tufts of hair.[1][2][3]
CT
Mature teratoma
CT scan is a sensitive method to diagnose mature teratoma. Findings on CT scan suggestive of/diagnostic of mature teratoma include:[4]
- Fat attenuation
- Presence or absence of calcification in the cyst wall
- Gravity dependent layering[5]
- Palm-tree like protrusion
- Fat-fluid levels
- Whenever cauliflower appearance with irregular borders are observed, malignant transformation should be suspected.[5]
Immature teratoma
CT scan findings of immature teratoma are characteristics and include:[6]
- A large, irregular solid mass
- Presence of coarse calcification
- Small foci of fat
- Hemorrhage may also be present.
Dysgerminoma
- Lobulated pattern in the solid portion[7]
- Areas of septa which are enhnacing
- Areas of hemorrhage and necrosis which appear cystic
- Speckled pattern of calcification
Yolk sac tumor
- The bright dot sign (enhancing foci in the wall or solid component) is the common finding, although it is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.[7]
- Capsular tear is another common finding which is not the pathognomonic finding for the yolk sac tumor.
References
- ↑ Ovarian dysgerminoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ovarian-dysgerminoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Mature (cystic) ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/mature-cystic-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Immature ovarian teratoma. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/immature-ovarian-teratoma. URL Accessed on November 11, 2015
- ↑ Outwater EK, Siegelman ES, Hunt JL (2001). "Ovarian teratomas: tumor types and imaging characteristics". Radiographics. 21 (2): 475–90. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. PMID 11259710.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Saba, Luca; Guerriero, Stefano; Sulcis, Rosa; Virgilio, Bruna; Melis, GianBenedetto; Mallarini, Giorgio (2009). "Mature and immature ovarian teratomas: CT, US and MR imaging characteristics". European Journal of Radiology. 72 (3): 454–463. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.07.044. ISSN 0720-048X.
- ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). "Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics". RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Shaaban, Akram M.; Rezvani, Maryam; Elsayes, Khaled M.; Baskin, Henry; Mourad, Amr; Foster, Bryan R.; Jarboe, Elke A.; Menias, Christine O. (2014). "Ovarian Malignant Germ Cell Tumors: Cellular Classification and Clinical and Imaging Features". RadioGraphics. 34 (3): 777–801. doi:10.1148/rg.343130067. ISSN 0271-5333.