Breast cancer other imaging studies: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Breast cancer}} | {{Breast cancer}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ammu}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Soroush}}{{Ammu}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Other diagnostic studies for breast cancer include scintimammography and bone scan. | Other diagnostic studies for breast cancer include scintimammography and bone scan. | ||
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::*dense breast tissue | ::*dense breast tissue | ||
::*breast implants | ::*breast implants | ||
:*when multiple | :*when multiple tumors are seen in the breast | ||
:*to scan the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) to see if they contain cancer | :*to scan the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) to see if they contain cancer | ||
*Scintimammography is not commonly used. It does not replace mammography, which is still the standard imaging test used to diagnose breast cancer. At present, scintimammography is considered a second-line diagnostic tool. It may be used in some women to assess breast abnormalities after a mammogram. | *Scintimammography is not commonly used. It does not replace mammography, which is still the standard imaging test used to diagnose breast cancer. At present, scintimammography is considered a second-line diagnostic tool. It may be used in some women to assess breast abnormalities after a mammogram. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
*A bone scan uses bone-seeking radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) and a computer to create a picture of the bones. It is used to see if breast cancer has spread (metastasized) to the bones. | *A bone scan uses bone-seeking radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) and a computer to create a picture of the bones. It is used to see if breast cancer has spread (metastasized) to the bones. | ||
*A bone scan may be done if: | *A bone scan may be done if: | ||
:* | :*Alkaline phosphatase in the blood is increased | ||
:* | :*There are lymph nodes in the armpit (axillary lymph nodes) that can be felt | ||
:* | :*The primary breast tumor is larger than 5 cm | ||
:* | :* The woman has aches and pains that may be caused by bone metastases | ||
*A bone scan is not done in women who have stage I breast cancer. | *A bone scan is not done in women who have stage I breast cancer. | ||
==Thermography== | ==Thermography== | ||
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*An infrared thermal camera takes pictures of the areas of different temperature in the breasts. | *An infrared thermal camera takes pictures of the areas of different temperature in the breasts. | ||
*The camera displays these patterns as a sort of heat map. | *The camera displays these patterns as a sort of heat map. | ||
*Since the presence of | *Since the presence of cancerous growth is associated with the excessive formation of blood vessels and inflammation in the breast tissue. | ||
*On the infrared images these higher | *On the infrared images, these higher temperatures could be detected. | ||
'''<big>Benefits</big>''' | '''<big>Benefits</big>''' | ||
*Non-invasive procedure | *Non-invasive procedure | ||
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
*'''The high false-positive and false-negative rates associated with thermography often mean that the woman will need a standard mammogram anyway.''' | *'''The high false-positive and false-negative rates associated with thermography often mean that the woman will need a standard mammogram anyway.''' | ||
==Other options== | ==Other options== | ||
Ultrasonography and MRI | *Ultrasonography and MRI | ||
:*The recommended follow-up procedures when a woman has a positive mammogram. | |||
Ultrasonography is particularly effective | *Ultrasonography is particularly effective to distinguish between a solid mass and a fluid-filled cyst. | ||
:*It is often combined with mammography for a more thorough evaluation of breast tissue. | |||
:* Because Small calcium buildups are hard to detect with ultrasound | |||
*A breast MRI is used to look at the size of cancer, shreds of evidence of metastases as well s presence of other tumors in certain cases. | |||
A breast MRI | Also recommended for screening of the high-risk patients wherein serial mammography might increase the likelihood of developing cancer in them. | ||
Also recommended for screening of the high risk patients | |||
==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 15:23, 2 April 2019
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Breast Cancer Microchapters |
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Breast cancer other imaging studies On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Breast cancer other imaging studies |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]Ammu Susheela, M.D. [3]
Overview
Other diagnostic studies for breast cancer include scintimammography and bone scan.
Scintimammography
- Scintimammography uses a radioactive material (known as a radioactive isotope) and a special camera to take pictures of the breast. It is done:
- to check breast lumps that do not show up clearly on a mammogram because of:
- scar tissue from previous surgery or radiation therapy
- dense breast tissue
- breast implants
- when multiple tumors are seen in the breast
- to scan the lymph nodes in the armpit (axilla) to see if they contain cancer
- Scintimammography is not commonly used. It does not replace mammography, which is still the standard imaging test used to diagnose breast cancer. At present, scintimammography is considered a second-line diagnostic tool. It may be used in some women to assess breast abnormalities after a mammogram.
Bone Scan
- A bone scan uses bone-seeking radioactive materials (radiopharmaceuticals) and a computer to create a picture of the bones. It is used to see if breast cancer has spread (metastasized) to the bones.
- A bone scan may be done if:
- Alkaline phosphatase in the blood is increased
- There are lymph nodes in the armpit (axillary lymph nodes) that can be felt
- The primary breast tumor is larger than 5 cm
- The woman has aches and pains that may be caused by bone metastases
- A bone scan is not done in women who have stage I breast cancer.
Thermography
- Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) is a type of thermography which is used in the screening of breast cancer
- An infrared thermal camera takes pictures of the areas of different temperature in the breasts.
- The camera displays these patterns as a sort of heat map.
- Since the presence of cancerous growth is associated with the excessive formation of blood vessels and inflammation in the breast tissue.
- On the infrared images, these higher temperatures could be detected.
Benefits
- Non-invasive procedure
- Non-contact procedure (does not compress the breast)
- No exposure to radiation, (safe)
- It can detect vascular changes in breast tissue associated with breast cancer many years in advance of other methods of screening.
- It can be used for all women, including those with dense breast tissue and breast implants.
- Hormonal changes do not affect results.
Drawbacks
- High false-positive rate
- High false-negative rate
- Rarely covered by medical insurance
- The high false-positive and false-negative rates associated with thermography often mean that the woman will need a standard mammogram anyway.
Other options
- Ultrasonography and MRI
- The recommended follow-up procedures when a woman has a positive mammogram.
- Ultrasonography is particularly effective to distinguish between a solid mass and a fluid-filled cyst.
- It is often combined with mammography for a more thorough evaluation of breast tissue.
- Because Small calcium buildups are hard to detect with ultrasound
- A breast MRI is used to look at the size of cancer, shreds of evidence of metastases as well s presence of other tumors in certain cases.
Also recommended for screening of the high-risk patients wherein serial mammography might increase the likelihood of developing cancer in them.