Carcinoma of the penis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*Penile cancer accounts for 0.4–0.6% of malignant diagnoses in the USA and Europe, and is responsible for 0.1% of cancer deaths | *Penile cancer accounts for 0.4–0.6% of malignant diagnoses in the USA and Europe, and is responsible for 0.1% of cancer deaths | ||
*The incidence is significantly higher in developing countries where penile cancer constitutes a significant public health hazard | *The incidence is significantly higher in developing countries where penile cancer constitutes a significant public health hazard | ||
*Two pathways have been proposed for penile cancer development—one related to HPV infection and the other related to phimosis and/or chronic inflammation | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.<ref name="pmid18980292">{{cite journal| author=Hernandez BY, Barnholtz-Sloan J, German RR, Giuliano A, Goodman MT, King JB et al.| title=Burden of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in the United States, 1998-2003. | journal=Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 113 | issue= 10 Suppl | pages= 2883-91 | pmid=18980292 | doi=10.1002/cncr.23743 | pmc=PMC2693711 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18980292 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16925747">{{cite journal| author=Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S| title=A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines. | journal=BJU Int | year= 2006 | volume= 98 | issue= 3 | pages= 526-31 | pmid=16925747 | doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06296.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16925747 }} </ref> | The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.<ref name="pmid18980292">{{cite journal| author=Hernandez BY, Barnholtz-Sloan J, German RR, Giuliano A, Goodman MT, King JB et al.| title=Burden of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in the United States, 1998-2003. | journal=Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 113 | issue= 10 Suppl | pages= 2883-91 | pmid=18980292 | doi=10.1002/cncr.23743 | pmc=PMC2693711 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18980292 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16925747">{{cite journal| author=Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S| title=A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines. | journal=BJU Int | year= 2006 | volume= 98 | issue= 3 | pages= 526-31 | pmid=16925747 | doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06296.x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16925747 }} </ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The incidence of carcinoma of the penis is approximately 1 per 100,000 males in the United States. The majority of cases are reported in less developed areas. The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Penile cancer is a malignancy that is rare in the Western Hemisphere.
- The incidence of carcinoma of the penis is approximately 1 per 100,000 males in the United States.[1]
- Penile cancer accounts for 0.4–0.6% of malignant diagnoses in the USA and Europe, and is responsible for 0.1% of cancer deaths
- The incidence is significantly higher in developing countries where penile cancer constitutes a significant public health hazard
- Two pathways have been proposed for penile cancer development—one related to HPV infection and the other related to phimosis and/or chronic inflammation
Age
The incidence of carcinoma of the penis increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is 60 years.[2][3]
Race
Carcinoma of the penis usually affects individuals of the white, African American, and Hispanic race. Asian males are less likely to develop carcinoma of the penis.[2]
Developing Countries
The majority of carcinoma of the penis cases are reported in less developed areas, such as Africa, Asia, and South America.[4]
References
- ↑ National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/penile/hp Accessed on Septermber, 30 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hernandez BY, Barnholtz-Sloan J, German RR, Giuliano A, Goodman MT, King JB; et al. (2008). "Burden of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in the United States, 1998-2003". Cancer. 113 (10 Suppl): 2883–91. doi:10.1002/cncr.23743. PMC 2693711. PMID 18980292.
- ↑ Hegarty PK, Kayes O, Freeman A, Christopher N, Ralph DJ, Minhas S (2006). "A prospective study of 100 cases of penile cancer managed according to European Association of Urology guidelines". BJU Int. 98 (3): 526–31. doi:10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06296.x. PMID 16925747.
- ↑ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A (2015). "Cancer statistics, 2015". CA Cancer J Clin. 65 (1): 5–29. doi:10.3322/caac.21254. PMID 25559415.