Waldenström's macroglobulinemia historical perspective: Difference between revisions

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==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*In 1936, Jens Bing and Axel Valdemar Neel, discovered a late and rare complication of WM known as Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS), who observed a case of 2 women, 56 and 39 years old, presenting with rapid neurodegeneration in the setting of hyperglobulinemia.
*In 1936, Jens Bing and Axel Valdemar Neel, discovered a late and rare complication of WM known as Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS), who observed a case of 2 women, 56 and 39 years old, presenting with rapid [[neurodegeneration]] in the setting of hyperglobulinemia.
*In 1944, [[Jan G. Waldenstrom]], a Swedish doctor of internal medicine, first discovered Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM). He reported an unusal presentation of fatigue, lymphadenopathy, bleeding from nose and mouth, worsening anemia, elevated sedimentation rate, low serum fibrinogen levels (hypofibrinogenemia), hyperviscosity, and hypergammaglobulinemia in two patients due to increased levels of a class of an abnormal high molecular weight serum protein called macroglobulins.<ref name="Waldenström2009">{{cite journal|last1=Waldenström|first1=Jan|title=Incipient myelomatosis or «essential« hyperglobulinemia with fibrinogenopenia - a new syndrome?|journal=Acta Medica Scandinavica|volume=117|issue=3-4|year=2009|pages=216–247|issn=00016101|doi=10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb03955.x}}</ref><ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref>
*In 1944, [[Jan G. Waldenstrom]], a Swedish doctor of internal medicine, first discovered Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM). He reported an unusual presentation of fatigue, [[lymphadenopathy]], bleeding from the nose and mouth, worsening [[anemia]], elevated [[sedimentation rate]], low serum [[fibrinogen]] levels (hypofibrinogenemia), [[hyperviscosity]], and [[hypergammaglobulinemia]] in two patients due to increased levels of a class of an abnormal high molecular weight serum protein called [[Macroglobulin|macroglobulins]].<ref name="Waldenström2009">{{cite journal|last1=Waldenström|first1=Jan|title=Incipient myelomatosis or «essential« hyperglobulinemia with fibrinogenopenia - a new syndrome?|journal=Acta Medica Scandinavica|volume=117|issue=3-4|year=2009|pages=216–247|issn=00016101|doi=10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb03955.x}}</ref><ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref>
*In 1962, the first report on familiality in WM was published, and since then many cohort studies as well as small case-control studies have been published showing familial aggregation of WM.<ref name="pmid13933388">{{cite journal| author=MASSARI R, FINE JM, METAIS R| title=Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia observed in two brothers. | journal=Nature | year= 1962 | volume= 196 | issue=  | pages= 176-8 | pmid=13933388 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13933388  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16224483">{{cite journal| author=Altieri A, Bermejo JL, Hemminki K| title=Familial aggregation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other neoplasms. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2005 | volume= 19 | issue= 12 | pages= 2342-3 | pmid=16224483 | doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2403991 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16224483  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6778280">{{cite journal| author=Blattner WA, Garber JE, Mann DL, McKeen EA, Henson R, McGuire DB et al.| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and autoimmune disease in a family. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1980 | volume= 93 | issue= 6 | pages= 830-2 | pmid=6778280 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6778280  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6805257">{{cite journal| author=Fine JM, Lambin P, Massari M, Leroux P| title=Malignant evolution of asymptomatic monoclonal IgM after seven and fifteen years in two siblings of a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Acta Med Scand | year= 1982 | volume= 211 | issue= 3 | pages= 237-9 | pmid=6805257 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6805257  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3099545">{{cite journal| author=Fine JM, Muller JY, Rochu D, Marneux M, Gorin NC, Fine A et al.| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in monozygotic twins. | journal=Acta Med Scand | year= 1986 | volume= 220 | issue= 4 | pages= 369-73 | pmid=3099545 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3099545  }} </ref><ref name="pmid408931">{{cite journal| author=Gétaz EP, Staples WG| title=Familial Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: a case report. | journal=S Afr Med J | year= 1977 | volume= 51 | issue= 24 | pages= 891-2 | pmid=408931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=408931  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8371587">{{cite journal| author=Linet MS, Humphrey RL, Mehl ES, Brown LM, Pottern LM, Bias WB et al.| title=A case-control and family study of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Leukemia | year= 1993 | volume= 7 | issue= 9 | pages= 1363-9 | pmid=8371587 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8371587  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8047841">{{cite journal| author=Ogmundsdóttir HM, Jóhannesson GM, Sveinsdóttir S, Einarsdóttir S, Hegeman A, Jensson O et al.| title=Familial macroglobulinaemia: hyperactive B-cells but normal natural killer function. | journal=Scand J Immunol | year= 1994 | volume= 40 | issue= 2 | pages= 195-200 | pmid=8047841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8047841  }} </ref><ref name="pmid4143650">{{cite journal| author=Seligmann M, Danon F, Mihaesco C, Fudenberg HH| title=Immunoglobulin abnormalities in families of patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1967 | volume= 43 | issue= 1 | pages= 66-83 | pmid=4143650 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4143650  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1958390">{{cite journal| author=Taleb N, Tohme A, Abi Jirgiss D, Kattan J, Salloum E| title=Familial macroglobulinemia in a Lebanese family with two sisters presenting Waldenström's disease. | journal=Acta Oncol | year= 1991 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 703-5 | pmid=1958390 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1958390  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16357024">{{cite journal| author=Treon SP, Hunter ZR, Aggarwal A, Ewen EP, Masota S, Lee C et al.| title=Characterization of familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2006 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 488-94 | pmid=16357024 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdj111 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16357024  }} </ref><ref name="pmid104746">{{cite journal| author=Youinou P, le Goff P, Saleun JP, Rivat L, Morin JF, Fauchier C et al.| title=Familial occurrence of monoclonal gammapathies. | journal=Biomedicine | year= 1978 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 226-32 | pmid=104746 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=104746  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2505923">{{cite journal| author=Renier G, Ifrah N, Chevailler A, Saint-Andre JP, Boasson M, Hurez D| title=Four brothers with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Cancer | year= 1989 | volume= 64 | issue= 7 | pages= 1554-9 | pmid=2505923 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2505923  }} </ref>
*In 1962, the first report on familiarity in WM was published, and since then many cohort studies as well as small case-control studies have been published showing familial aggregation of WM.<ref name="pmid13933388">{{cite journal| author=MASSARI R, FINE JM, METAIS R| title=Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia observed in two brothers. | journal=Nature | year= 1962 | volume= 196 | issue=  | pages= 176-8 | pmid=13933388 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13933388  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16224483">{{cite journal| author=Altieri A, Bermejo JL, Hemminki K| title=Familial aggregation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other neoplasms. | journal=Leukemia | year= 2005 | volume= 19 | issue= 12 | pages= 2342-3 | pmid=16224483 | doi=10.1038/sj.leu.2403991 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16224483  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6778280">{{cite journal| author=Blattner WA, Garber JE, Mann DL, McKeen EA, Henson R, McGuire DB et al.| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and autoimmune disease in a family. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1980 | volume= 93 | issue= 6 | pages= 830-2 | pmid=6778280 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6778280  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6805257">{{cite journal| author=Fine JM, Lambin P, Massari M, Leroux P| title=Malignant evolution of asymptomatic monoclonal IgM after seven and fifteen years in two siblings of a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Acta Med Scand | year= 1982 | volume= 211 | issue= 3 | pages= 237-9 | pmid=6805257 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6805257  }} </ref><ref name="pmid3099545">{{cite journal| author=Fine JM, Muller JY, Rochu D, Marneux M, Gorin NC, Fine A et al.| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in monozygotic twins. | journal=Acta Med Scand | year= 1986 | volume= 220 | issue= 4 | pages= 369-73 | pmid=3099545 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3099545  }} </ref><ref name="pmid408931">{{cite journal| author=Gétaz EP, Staples WG| title=Familial Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: a case report. | journal=S Afr Med J | year= 1977 | volume= 51 | issue= 24 | pages= 891-2 | pmid=408931 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=408931  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8371587">{{cite journal| author=Linet MS, Humphrey RL, Mehl ES, Brown LM, Pottern LM, Bias WB et al.| title=A case-control and family study of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Leukemia | year= 1993 | volume= 7 | issue= 9 | pages= 1363-9 | pmid=8371587 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8371587  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8047841">{{cite journal| author=Ogmundsdóttir HM, Jóhannesson GM, Sveinsdóttir S, Einarsdóttir S, Hegeman A, Jensson O et al.| title=Familial macroglobulinaemia: hyperactive B-cells but normal natural killer function. | journal=Scand J Immunol | year= 1994 | volume= 40 | issue= 2 | pages= 195-200 | pmid=8047841 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8047841  }} </ref><ref name="pmid4143650">{{cite journal| author=Seligmann M, Danon F, Mihaesco C, Fudenberg HH| title=Immunoglobulin abnormalities in families of patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1967 | volume= 43 | issue= 1 | pages= 66-83 | pmid=4143650 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4143650  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid1958390">{{cite journal| author=Taleb N, Tohme A, Abi Jirgiss D, Kattan J, Salloum E| title=Familial macroglobulinemia in a Lebanese family with two sisters presenting Waldenström's disease. | journal=Acta Oncol | year= 1991 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 703-5 | pmid=1958390 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1958390  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16357024">{{cite journal| author=Treon SP, Hunter ZR, Aggarwal A, Ewen EP, Masota S, Lee C et al.| title=Characterization of familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2006 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 488-94 | pmid=16357024 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdj111 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16357024  }} </ref><ref name="pmid104746">{{cite journal| author=Youinou P, le Goff P, Saleun JP, Rivat L, Morin JF, Fauchier C et al.| title=Familial occurrence of monoclonal gammapathies. | journal=Biomedicine | year= 1978 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 226-32 | pmid=104746 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=104746  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2505923">{{cite journal| author=Renier G, Ifrah N, Chevailler A, Saint-Andre JP, Boasson M, Hurez D| title=Four brothers with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Cancer | year= 1989 | volume= 64 | issue= 7 | pages= 1554-9 | pmid=2505923 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2505923  }} </ref>
*In 1994, a Revised European-American classification of lymphoid neaoplasms (REAL) was published by International Lymphoma Study Group which placed WM in the category of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (an indolent subtype of non-hodgkins lymphoma). The REAL classification is based on the morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features.<ref name="pmid10577857">{{cite journal| author=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J et al.| title=World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 12 | pages= 3835-49 | pmid=10577857 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3835 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10577857  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8068936">{{cite journal| author=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan JK, Cleary ML et al.| title=A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. | journal=Blood | year= 1994 | volume= 84 | issue= 5 | pages= 1361-92 | pmid=8068936 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8068936  }} </ref>
*In 1994, a Revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms (REAL) was published by International Lymphoma Study Group which placed WM in the category of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (an indolent sub-type of [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-Hodgkins lymphoma]]). The REAL classification is based on the morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features.<ref name="pmid10577857">{{cite journal| author=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J et al.| title=World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 12 | pages= 3835-49 | pmid=10577857 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3835 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10577857  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8068936">{{cite journal| author=Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan JK, Cleary ML et al.| title=A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group. | journal=Blood | year= 1994 | volume= 84 | issue= 5 | pages= 1361-92 | pmid=8068936 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8068936  }} </ref>
*In 2001, WHO also classified the pathology of WM as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia based on REAL classification.<ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref>
*In 2001, WHO also classified the pathology of WM as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia based on REAL classification.<ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref>
*In September 26-30, 2002, a consensus group at the Second International Workshop on WM in Athens, Greece, defined WM as a distinct clinicopathologic entity with characteristics of bone marrow infiltration associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy by WM and proposed a diagnostic criteria forn WM.<ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref><ref name="pmid15735132">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos MA, Kyle RA, Anagnostopoulos A, Treon SP| title=Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2005 | volume= 23 | issue= 7 | pages= 1564-77 | pmid=15735132 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2005.03.144 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15735132  }} </ref>
*In September 26-30, 2002, a consensus group at the Second International Workshop on WM in Athens, Greece, defined WM as a distinct clinicopathologic entity with characteristics of [[bone marrow infiltration]] associated with [[IgM]] monoclonal gammopathy by WM and proposed a diagnostic criteria for WM.<ref name="KonoplevMedeiros2005">{{cite journal|last1=Konoplev|first1=Sergej|last2=Medeiros|first2=L. Jeffrey|last3=Bueso-Ramos|first3=Carlos E.|last4=Jorgensen|first4=Jeffrey L.|last5=Lin|first5=Pei|title=Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia|journal=American Journal of Clinical Pathology|volume=124|issue=3|year=2005|pages=414–420|issn=0002-9173|doi=10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4}}</ref><ref name="pmid15735132">{{cite journal| author=Dimopoulos MA, Kyle RA, Anagnostopoulos A, Treon SP| title=Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2005 | volume= 23 | issue= 7 | pages= 1564-77 | pmid=15735132 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2005.03.144 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15735132  }} </ref>
*In 2009, in Arkansas, a patient of Bing-Neel syndrome discontinued the treatment for BNS which included, "intrathecal chemotherapy with several cycles of systemic chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell-supported High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant|high-dose therapy transplant", and in 2013, was still asymptomatic when a follow-up report was published.<ref name="pmid23747080">{{cite journal| author=Abdallah AO, Atrash S, Muzaffar J, Abdallah M, Kumar M, Van Rhee F et al.| title=Successful treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome using intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic combination chemotherapy followed by BEAM auto-transplant: a case report and review of literature. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 502-6 | pmid=23747080 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2013.03.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747080  }} </ref>
*In 2009, in Arkansas, a patient of Bing-Neel syndrome discontinued the treatment for BNS which included, "intrathecal chemotherapy with several cycles of systemic chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell-supported High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant|high-dose therapy transplant", and in 2013, was still asymptomatic when a follow-up report was published.<ref name="pmid23747080">{{cite journal| author=Abdallah AO, Atrash S, Muzaffar J, Abdallah M, Kumar M, Van Rhee F et al.| title=Successful treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome using intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic combination chemotherapy followed by BEAM auto-transplant: a case report and review of literature. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2013 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 502-6 | pmid=23747080 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2013.03.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23747080  }} </ref>


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2], Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[3]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[4]

Overview

Waldenström macroglobulinemia was first discovered by Jan G. Waldenström, a Swedish physician in 1944.


Historical Perspective

  • In 1936, Jens Bing and Axel Valdemar Neel, discovered a late and rare complication of WM known as Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS), who observed a case of 2 women, 56 and 39 years old, presenting with rapid neurodegeneration in the setting of hyperglobulinemia.
  • In 1944, Jan G. Waldenstrom, a Swedish doctor of internal medicine, first discovered Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM). He reported an unusual presentation of fatigue, lymphadenopathy, bleeding from the nose and mouth, worsening anemia, elevated sedimentation rate, low serum fibrinogen levels (hypofibrinogenemia), hyperviscosity, and hypergammaglobulinemia in two patients due to increased levels of a class of an abnormal high molecular weight serum protein called macroglobulins.[1][2]
  • In 1962, the first report on familiarity in WM was published, and since then many cohort studies as well as small case-control studies have been published showing familial aggregation of WM.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] [12][13][14][15]
  • In 1994, a Revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms (REAL) was published by International Lymphoma Study Group which placed WM in the category of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (an indolent sub-type of non-Hodgkins lymphoma). The REAL classification is based on the morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features.[16][17]
  • In 2001, WHO also classified the pathology of WM as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia based on REAL classification.[2]
  • In September 26-30, 2002, a consensus group at the Second International Workshop on WM in Athens, Greece, defined WM as a distinct clinicopathologic entity with characteristics of bone marrow infiltration associated with IgM monoclonal gammopathy by WM and proposed a diagnostic criteria for WM.[2][18]
  • In 2009, in Arkansas, a patient of Bing-Neel syndrome discontinued the treatment for BNS which included, "intrathecal chemotherapy with several cycles of systemic chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell-supported High-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant|high-dose therapy transplant", and in 2013, was still asymptomatic when a follow-up report was published.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Waldenström, Jan (2009). "Incipient myelomatosis or «essential« hyperglobulinemia with fibrinogenopenia - a new syndrome?". Acta Medica Scandinavica. 117 (3–4): 216–247. doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1944.tb03955.x. ISSN 0001-6101.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Konoplev, Sergej; Medeiros, L. Jeffrey; Bueso-Ramos, Carlos E.; Jorgensen, Jeffrey L.; Lin, Pei (2005). "Immunophenotypic Profile of Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenström Macroglobulinemia". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 124 (3): 414–420. doi:10.1309/3G1XDX0DVHBNVKB4. ISSN 0002-9173.
  3. ↑ MASSARI R, FINE JM, METAIS R (1962). "Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia observed in two brothers". Nature. 196: 176–8. PMID 13933388.
  4. ↑ Altieri A, Bermejo JL, Hemminki K (2005). "Familial aggregation of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other neoplasms". Leukemia. 19 (12): 2342–3. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403991. PMID 16224483.
  5. ↑ Blattner WA, Garber JE, Mann DL, McKeen EA, Henson R, McGuire DB; et al. (1980). "Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and autoimmune disease in a family". Ann Intern Med. 93 (6): 830–2. PMID 6778280.
  6. ↑ Fine JM, Lambin P, Massari M, Leroux P (1982). "Malignant evolution of asymptomatic monoclonal IgM after seven and fifteen years in two siblings of a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Acta Med Scand. 211 (3): 237–9. PMID 6805257.
  7. ↑ Fine JM, Muller JY, Rochu D, Marneux M, Gorin NC, Fine A; et al. (1986). "Waldenström's macroglobulinemia in monozygotic twins". Acta Med Scand. 220 (4): 369–73. PMID 3099545.
  8. ↑ Gétaz EP, Staples WG (1977). "Familial Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia: a case report". S Afr Med J. 51 (24): 891–2. PMID 408931.
  9. ↑ Linet MS, Humphrey RL, Mehl ES, Brown LM, Pottern LM, Bias WB; et al. (1993). "A case-control and family study of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". Leukemia. 7 (9): 1363–9. PMID 8371587.
  10. ↑ Ogmundsdóttir HM, Jóhannesson GM, Sveinsdóttir S, Einarsdóttir S, Hegeman A, Jensson O; et al. (1994). "Familial macroglobulinaemia: hyperactive B-cells but normal natural killer function". Scand J Immunol. 40 (2): 195–200. PMID 8047841.
  11. ↑ Seligmann M, Danon F, Mihaesco C, Fudenberg HH (1967). "Immunoglobulin abnormalities in families of patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Am J Med. 43 (1): 66–83. PMID 4143650.
  12. ↑ Taleb N, Tohme A, Abi Jirgiss D, Kattan J, Salloum E (1991). "Familial macroglobulinemia in a Lebanese family with two sisters presenting Waldenström's disease". Acta Oncol. 30 (6): 703–5. PMID 1958390.
  13. ↑ Treon SP, Hunter ZR, Aggarwal A, Ewen EP, Masota S, Lee C; et al. (2006). "Characterization of familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". Ann Oncol. 17 (3): 488–94. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdj111. PMID 16357024.
  14. ↑ Youinou P, le Goff P, Saleun JP, Rivat L, Morin JF, Fauchier C; et al. (1978). "Familial occurrence of monoclonal gammapathies". Biomedicine. 28 (4): 226–32. PMID 104746.
  15. ↑ Renier G, Ifrah N, Chevailler A, Saint-Andre JP, Boasson M, Hurez D (1989). "Four brothers with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". Cancer. 64 (7): 1554–9. PMID 2505923.
  16. ↑ Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J; et al. (1999). "World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997". J Clin Oncol. 17 (12): 3835–49. doi:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.12.3835. PMID 10577857.
  17. ↑ Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, Banks PM, Chan JK, Cleary ML; et al. (1994). "A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group". Blood. 84 (5): 1361–92. PMID 8068936.
  18. ↑ Dimopoulos MA, Kyle RA, Anagnostopoulos A, Treon SP (2005). "Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia". J Clin Oncol. 23 (7): 1564–77. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.03.144. PMID 15735132.
  19. ↑ Abdallah AO, Atrash S, Muzaffar J, Abdallah M, Kumar M, Van Rhee F; et al. (2013). "Successful treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome using intrathecal chemotherapy and systemic combination chemotherapy followed by BEAM auto-transplant: a case report and review of literature". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 13 (4): 502–6. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2013.03.002. PMID 23747080.

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