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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Qurrat}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Qurrat}}


*On gross pathology, characteristic findings of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, include:<ref name="pmid23382603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graham RL, Cooper B, Krause JR |title=T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=19–21 |year=2013 |pmid=23382603 |pmc=3523759 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
:*No remarkable findings
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, characteristic findings of T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, include:<ref name="pmid23382603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graham RL, Cooper B, Krause JR |title=T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=19–21 |year=2013 |pmid=23382603 |pmc=3523759 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
:*The immunophenotype CD4+/CD8- (present in 60% of cases)
:*The immunophenotype  CD4+/CD8+ (present in 25%)
:* The immunophenotype  CD4-/CD8+ (15% of cases)                                                                                                                                                                  Different variants of T-cell Lymphocytic leukemias can be differentiated based on microscopic and gross finding.<ref name="pmid17424862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Matutes E, Brito-Babapulle V, Swansbury J, Ellis J, Morilla R, Dearden C, Sempere A, Catovsky D |title=Clinical and laboratory features of 78 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukemia |journal=Blood |volume=78 |issue=12 |pages=3269–74 |date=December 1991 |pmid=1742486 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16342661">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ravandi F, O'Brien S |title=Chronic lymphoid leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=80 |issue=12 |pages=1660–74 |date=December 2005 |pmid=16342661 |doi=10.4065/80.12.1660 |url=}}</ref>
{| align="center"
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Morphological Variant
! rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Microscopic Findings
|-
! colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Typical T-cell
prolymphocytic
leukemia
| colspan="1" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |
* Medium-sized lymphoid cells
*Densely packed [[chromatin]]
*Prominent [[nucleolus]] with [[Blister|blisters]] on surface
|-
| colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |'''Small cell variant'''
| colspan="1" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |
*Small cells
*Dense [[chromatin]]
*Minute electron microscopically visible nucleolus 
|-
! colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cerebriform
(Sézary cell-like)
variant
| colspan="1" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |
*Asymmetrical [[Cell nucleus|nuclear]] outline
*Cerebriform [[Cell nucleus|nucleus]]
|}
== tab ==
==Differential diagnosis of neck masses==
Differential diagnosis of neck masses include:
{|
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign or Malignant
! colspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Paraclinical findings
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
|-
! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Branchial cleft cyst<ref name="Nahata2016">{{cite journal|last1=Nahata|first1=Vaishali|title=Branchial cleft cyst|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|volume=61|issue=6|year=2016|pages=701|issn=0019-5154|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.193718}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: 1-15 yrs/ varies
* Familial occurence is noted
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Lateral neck mass
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Solitary
* Smooth
* Mobile
* Welldefined
* Nonpulsatile
* Fluctuant
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* A pit is found at the opening of the cyst
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Squamous or ciliated epithelial lining
* Lymphoid tissue with germinal centers and subcapsular sinuses
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* CT: Well defined fluid attenuation with slight enhancement of the capsule
* Ultrasound: Typical features of a cyst are seen
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Brachio-oto-renal syndrome
* Sinus
* Fistula
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thyroglossal duct cyst<ref name="pmid30085599">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amos J, Shermetaro C |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30085599 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19718389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deaver MJ, Silman EF, Lotfipour S |title=Infected thyroglossal duct cyst |journal=West J Emerg Med |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=205 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19718389 |pmc=2729228 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: 1-10 yrs/ varies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Midline neck mass
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Mobile
* Moves upwards with tongue protrusion and swallowing
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Squamous or ciliated pseudostratified columnar lining
* Foci of thyroid gland tissue
* Granulation tissue or giant cells if it gets infected
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ultrasound:  Anechoic, thin walls, and heterogeneous with internal septae
* CT with contrast: Well circumscribed,homogeneous fluid attenuation, thin enhancing rim
* MRI: T1- dark, T2-bright images
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Haemangioma<ref name="Léauté-LabrèzePrey2011">{{cite journal|last1=Léauté-Labrèze|first1=C.|last2=Prey|first2=S.|last3=Ezzedine|first3=K.|title=Infantile haemangioma: Part I. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, life cycle and associated structural abnormalities|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=25|issue=11|year=2011|pages=1245–1253|issn=09269959|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04102.x}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: birth - 2 yrs
* Females>males
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Usually present with a  flat red or purple patch
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Firm
* Rubbery
* Well-demarcated
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Blanching
* Telangiectasias
* Erythematous patch
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* GLUT-1
* VEGF
* Urinary BFGF
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Lined by non atypical endothelial cells
* Vascular structures with RBC
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ultrasound: High flow with vascular channels
* MRI: With or without Gd is the modality of choice
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* POEMS and Castleman's disease
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Vascular malformations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphatic malformations
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Laryngocele<ref name="pmid23881550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Werner RL, Schroeder JW, Castle JT |title=Bilateral laryngoceles |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=110–3 |date=March 2014 |pmid=23881550 |pmc=3950389 |doi=10.1007/s12105-013-0478-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23120570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad KC, Vijayalakshmi S, Prasad SC |title=Laryngoceles - presentations and management |journal=Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=303–8 |date=December 2008 |pmid=23120570 |pmc=3476818 |doi=10.1007/s12070-008-0108-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28819622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahdoufi R, Barhmi I, Tazi N, Abada R, Roubal M, Mahtar M |title=Mixed Pyolaryngocele: A Rare Case of Deep Neck Infection |journal=Iran J Otorhinolaryngol |volume=29 |issue=93 |pages=225–228 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28819622 |pmc=5554815 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in adults
* Male: female = 5:1
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Present with a neck swelling, hoarseness, stridor and globus sensation
* Episodic in nature
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Soft
* Reducible
* Increase in size on valsalva
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Common in glass blowers, trumpet players
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Lined by pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* X-ray, CT: Fluid and air containing cystic masses
* CT is the preferred one
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* CT scan is the gold standard imaging for diagnosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Ranula<ref name="pmid29207849">{{cite journal |vauthors=Packiri S, Gurunathan D, Selvarasu K |title=Management of Paediatric Oral Ranula: A Systematic Review |journal=J Clin Diagn Res |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=ZE06–ZE09 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29207849 |pmc=5713871 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/28498.10622 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: 1st and 2nd decade
* Female: male=1:1.4
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Present with a blue colored swelling in the floor of the mouth
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Well circumscribed
* Fluctuant
* Soft
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Teratoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Incidence: 1:4000 births
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |High ALP levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Dermoid cyst<ref name="ParadisKoltai2015">{{cite journal|last1=Paradis|first1=Josée|last2=Koltai|first2=Peter J.|title=Pediatric Teratoma and Dermoid Cysts|journal=Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America|volume=48|issue=1|year=2015|pages=121–136|issn=00306665|doi=10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.009}}</ref><ref name="pmid24629659">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaddikeri S, Vattoth S, Gaddikeri RS, Stuart R, Harrison K, Young D, Bhargava P |title=Congenital cystic neck masses: embryology and imaging appearances, with clinicopathological correlation |journal=Curr Probl Diagn Radiol |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=55–67 |date=2014 |pmid=24629659 |doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Incidence: 3 per 10000 population
* Age: birth - 5 yrs
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Presents as a slow growing mass or a sinus
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Freely mobile/Fixed
* Solitary
* Rubbery
* Nonpulsatile
* Noncompressible
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Usually normal/sometimes a pit or sinus is seen
* A tuft of hair at the center of the pit for nasal dermoid cyst
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Keratinizing squamous epithelium
* Occasional remnants of hair follicles,adipose tissue, and sweat glands
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ultrasound: Thin walled, unilocular
* CT: With contrast well circumscribed, unilocular, sac-of-marbles appearance due to fatty tissue
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thymic cyst<ref name="GaddikeriVattoth2014">{{cite journal|last1=Gaddikeri|first1=Santhosh|last2=Vattoth|first2=Surjith|last3=Gaddikeri|first3=Ramya S.|last4=Stuart|first4=Royal|last5=Harrison|first5=Keith|last6=Young|first6=Daniel|last7=Bhargava|first7=Puneet|title=Congenital Cystic Neck Masses: Embryology and Imaging Appearances, With Clinicopathological Correlation|journal=Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology|volume=43|issue=2|year=2014|pages=55–67|issn=03630188|doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: 1-10 yrs
* Males>Females
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Presents as a soft mass, gradually enlarging, on left side of the neck(usual)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Soft
* Compressible
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Squamous/cuboidal epithelium
* Lymphoid tissue in the cyst wall contains hassall corpuscles
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ultrasound: Unilocular cystic mass
* CT: Uni/multilocular, well circumscribed and nonenhancing
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign or Malignant
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
| rowspan="21" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Acute sialadenitis <ref name="pmid28059621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S |title=Imaging of sialadenitis |journal=Neuroradiol J |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28059621 |pmc=5480791 |doi=10.1177/1971400916682752 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* No sex predilection
* Occurs in all age groups
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Presents with an unilateral erythematous swelling
* Bad breath
* Fever with chills
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Tender
* Firm
* Purulent discharge expressed from the duct
* Smooth
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Redness
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in people with bad oral hygiene
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* Leukocytosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Ultrasound: Hypoechoic with ductal dilatation
* CT: Diffuse homogeneous enlargement
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Chronic sialadenitis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* No sex predilection
* Occurs in all age groups
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Presents with an unilateral swelling
* Recurrent episodes common
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non-tender
* Firm
* Smooth
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Mostly due to obstruction by a stone or stricture
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* Leukocytosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Reactive viral lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |CMV<ref name="pmid247536382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: 10-35 yrs mainly
* No sex predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Flu-like illness
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non-tender
* Soft
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Generalized/cervical
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* H&E stain: Typical owl-eye inclusions(nuclear)
* Basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* FNAC & serology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |EBV<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25478033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stuhlmann-Laeisz C, Oschlies I, Klapper W |title=Detection of EBV in reactive and neoplastic lymphoproliferations in adults-when and how? |journal=J Hematop |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=165–170 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25478033 |pmc=4243011 |doi=10.1007/s12308-014-0209-0 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: Mainly adolescents
* Sex: No sex predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Sore throat
* Fever
* Malaise
* Lymphadenopathy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non-tender
* Firm
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* B/L posterior cervical, axillary, inguinal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Atypical lymphocytosis
* + Monospot test
* IgM & IgG antibodies
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* CD8+ lymphocytes
* Tissue necrosis
* B lymphocyte blasts
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* FNAC & serology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |HIV
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Flu-like illness
* Rash
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Viral URI
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Tularemia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Brucellosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cat-scratch disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Actinomycosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mycobacterial infections
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parasitic lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Toxoplasma gondii
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sarcoidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Amyloidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sjögren syndrome
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kimura disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rosai-Dorfman disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kawasaki disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign or Malignant
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|-
! rowspan="20" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Primary thyroid tumor
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="10" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland neoplasm]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Pleomorphic adenoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Warthin's tumor
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoepithelioma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Oncocytoma]]
<ref name="pmid277220032">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen B, Hentzelman JI, Walker RJ, Lai JP |title=Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology |journal=Case Rep Otolaryngol |volume=2016 |issue= |pages=8719030 |date=2016 |pmid=27722003 |pmc=5045990 |doi=10.1155/2016/8719030 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Race: [[Caucasian pop|Caucasian]] patients predilection
* Gender: No gender preference
* Age: 50–70 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Growing [[palpable]] painless mass
* [[Facial swelling]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]] (if transformed to malignant)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Firm]], multilobulated and mobile [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Normal
* Redness
* [[Swelling]]
* Skin [[ulceration]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Normal
* [[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Epithelial cells]] with [[eosinophilic]] granular [[cytoplasm]] rich in [[mitochondria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* '''CT:''' 
** Isodense expansive mass
** Enhancement after intravenous contrast
** Hypodense areas
* [[MRI]]''':'''
** Isodensties on T1
** Mass is hyperintense on T2
** Enhancement on contrast
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Monomorphic adenoma]] <ref name="pmid10889498">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim KH, Sung MW, Kim JW, Koo JW |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=123 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=147–8 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10889498 |doi=10.1067/mhn.2000.102809 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24431845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pramod Krishna B |title=Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a 14 year Old Child |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=228–31 |date=June 2013 |pmid=24431845 |pmc=3681990 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0125-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30546932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kessler AT, Bhatt AA |title=Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions |journal=J Clin Imaging Sci |volume=8 |issue= |pages=48 |date=2018 |pmid=30546932 |pmc=6251244 |doi=10.4103/jcis.JCIS_46_18 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]] or [[malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age: From 26 to 76 years
* Rare in children
* Sex: No sex predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Growing [[palpable]] painless [[mass]] on jaw or in [[oral cavity]]
* [[Facial swelling]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]] (if transformed to [[malignant]])
* [[Ulceration|Pain and ulceration]] (in later stage)
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Nodular]] and fluctuant [[swelling]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Normal
* Redness
* Skin [[ulceration]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Straw colored fluid on [[aspiration]]
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Ultrasound]]:
* Used to [[biopsy]] the [[lesion]]
* May show cystic an solid components
[[Computed tomography|CT:]]
* useful for [[lesions]] with [[calcification]] and venous  pleboliths
[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI:]]
* Test of choice
* Differentiate [[benign]] from [[malignant]]
* Defines [[tumor]] extent
* Shows perineural spread
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]
<ref name="pmid21243374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chenevert J, Barnes LE, Chiosea SI |title=Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a five-decade journey |journal=Virchows Arch. |volume=458 |issue=2 |pages=133–40 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21243374 |doi=10.1007/s00428-011-1040-y |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Age::  Mean age of 59
* Gender: Female predilection
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Painlesss [[mass]]
* [[Swelling]] in [[oral cavity]]
* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Cystic]] and [[Mass|solid mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Association with [[CMV]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Gross examination|Gross findings]]:
* Firm
* Tan-white to yellow
* Bosselated
* Cystic
[[Microscopic]] findings:
* Encapsulated  [[squamous]] and [[Glandular|glandula]]<nowiki/>r components
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | cystic and solid component with variable appearance
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Incisional [[biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Adenoid cystic cancer|Adenoid cystic carcinoma]] <ref name="pmid17825603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones AV, Craig GT, Speight PM, Franklin CD |title=The range and demographics of salivary gland tumours diagnosed in a UK population |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=407–17 |date=April 2008 |pmid=17825603 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.010 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Age: 40s to 60s
Gender: Female predominance
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Slow growing painless [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Solid [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal to [[Ulcerated lesion|ulcerated lesions]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Slow growing  rare tumor with low [[Recurrence plot|recurrence]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Gross]] findings: Tubular, cribriform and solid pattern of growth
[[Microscopic]] findings: Components of large cells with [[Pleomorphic|pleomorphic nuclei]]
increased mitotic activity, and focal [[Necrosis|necrosis.]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] reveal dimensions of the [[tumor]], local spread and [[Metastasis|distant metastasis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Adenocarcinoma]]
<ref name="pmid16487803">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M |title=Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma |journal=J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=415–23 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16487803 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Age: young age predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Its a [[tumor]] of minor [[salivary glands]] so may present as small [[ulceration]] or nodules in [[oral cavity]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Small [[nodules]] and [[oral cavity]] with or without [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Skin]] stays intact or may show some [[ulceration]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |There are several subtypes of [[adenocarcinoma]].
Some are more infiltrating in nature
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Can be normal or may show [[anemia]] and blood cell disorders with distant bone [[invasion]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |On [[histology]] it is confused with Adeocyctic [[carcinoma]] with components of gland and cyst formations. 
It has more perineural [[invasion]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[CT]] and [[MRI]] both can be used to visualize the tumor. [[MRI]] being more accurate for adjacent tissue involvement and [[lymphadenopathy]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland cancer|Salivary duct cancer]]
<ref name="pmid22434951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mlika M, Kourda N, Zidi Y, Aloui R, Zneidi N, Rammeh S, Zermani R, Jilani SB |title=Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Pathol |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=134–6 |date=January 2012 |pmid=22434951 |pmc=3303509 |doi=10.4103/0973-029X.92992 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29103750">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmitt NC, Kang H, Sharma A |title=Salivary duct carcinoma: An aggressive salivary gland malignancy with opportunities for targeted therapy |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=74 |issue= |pages=40–48 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29103750 |pmc=5685667 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23821208">{{cite journal |vauthors=Simpson RH |title=Salivary duct carcinoma: new developments--morphological variants including pure in situ high grade lesions; proposed molecular classification |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=7 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S48–58 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23821208 |pmc=3712088 |doi=10.1007/s12105-013-0456-x |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
(Highly aggressive)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Incidence]]: 1% to 3%
Gender: Men 
Mean age: 55 to 61 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Presents as rapidly growing [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Painless, hard and non-compressible [[mass]]
* In case of facial nerve involvement may present with [[facial paralysis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Jaw involvement results in [[ulceration]] of [[mucosa]] and may cause [[Ulceration|ulceration of skin]] as well
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rapidly growing [[mass]] with jaw involvement and [[facial paralysis]] in case of [[facial nerve]] involvement
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Pathology|Patho]]<nowiki/>morphologically [[tumor]] of [[Salivary gland|salivary ducts]] resembles tumor of [[breast]] ducts, and that where it name is derived from
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Gross examination|Gross]] findings:
* Firm [[mass]]
* [[Cystic|Cystic component]] of variable size and dimension
[[Microscopic|Microscopic finding]]:
* [[Microscopic|Microscopically]] it resembles ductal carcinoma of [[breast]]
* Intraductal components invading surrounding tissues
* Intra-ductal component of [[tumor]] arrange in several forms: cribriform, [[papillary]], solid with comedo-like central [[necrosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Non-specific features on [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[MRI]] but it can show neural and [[jaw]] involvement.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
<ref name="pmid25328317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manvikar V, Ramulu S, Ravishanker ST, Chakravarthy C |title=Squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland: A rare case report |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Pathol |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=299–302 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25328317 |pmc=4196305 |doi=10.4103/0973-029X.140909 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16475198">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ying YL, Johnson JT, Myers EN |title=Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland |journal=Head Neck |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=626–32 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16475198 |doi=10.1002/hed.20360 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Incidence: rare [[tumor]]
Age: Old age , 61 to 68 years
Gender: Male predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Present as painful growing [[mass]] on [[jaw]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Teneder
* Firm
* [[Swelling|Solitary swelling]] on jaw
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Thinning and discoloration of [[skin]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Submandibular gland]] predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Past radiation exposure is a strong [[risk factor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Gross]] findings: Shows skin tissue and thinning of [[skin]]
[[Microscopically]] findings:
Nest and solid sheets of [[Tumor cell|tumor cells]] arranged in [[glandular]] pattern. It is derived from epidermoid cells of [[salivary gland]].
May show [[vascular]] [[invasion]] and [[inflammatory]] infiltrate.
[[Immunohistochemical staining]] can be used to mark the [[squamous]] and [[keratin]] component.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Tumor]] dimension can be delineated using both [[CT]] and [[MRI]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parathyroid cancer]]
<ref name="pmid22327883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei CH, Harari A |title=Parathyroid carcinoma: update and guidelines for management |journal=Curr Treat Options Oncol |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=11–23 |date=March 2012 |pmid=22327883 |doi=10.1007/s11864-011-0171-3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17713315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahasranam P, Tran MT, Mohamed H, Friedman TC |title=Multiglandular parathyroid carcinoma: a case report and brief review |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=100 |issue=8 |pages=841–4 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17713315 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318073ca37 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4886854">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holmes EC, Morton DL, Ketcham AS |title=Parathyroid carcinoma: a collective review |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=169 |issue=4 |pages=631–40 |date=April 1969 |pmid=4886854 |pmc=1387475 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Incidence]]: Rare
Mean age : 44 to 54 years
Gender: Female predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Presents with the [[hyperparathyroidism]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
* [[Weight loss]]
* [[Sweating]]
* Neck [[swelling]]
* Bone pains
* Stomach pain
* [[Nausea and vomiting]]
* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Confusion]]
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Lower [[Neck masses|neck mass]] with
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Skin stays intact most of the time
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Labs may show [[hypercalcemia]] and its consequences such as [[pancreatitis]] and decrease [[bone density]] on [[DEXA scan]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Low [[TSH]]
* Increased T4 and T3
* [[Hypercalcemia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Microscopic]] findings:[[Tumor]] shows trabecular [[Growth|growth pattern]] with high [[mitosis]] and surrounding thick fibrous bands. Capsular involvement  and [[Invasion|vascular invasion]] is common
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[MRI]] shows more frequent lower lobe involvement, vascular involvement , [[lymph node]] [[metastasis]] and perineural involvement.
* [[Bone scan]] may show decreasing [[bone density]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Carotid body tumor|Carotid body tumors]]
<ref name="pmid174004872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM |title=A multicenter review of carotid body tumour management |journal=Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=127–30 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17400487 |doi=10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid158837112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Schipper J |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Fam. Cancer |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=55–9 |date=2005 |pmid=15883711 |doi=10.1007/s10689-004-2154-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15063383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellitteri PK, Rinaldo A, Myssiorek D, Gary Jackson C, Bradley PJ, Devaney KO, Shaha AR, Netterville JL, Manni JJ, Ferlito A |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=563–75 |date=July 2004 |pmid=15063383 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.09.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28478173">{{cite journal |vauthors=Darouassi Y, Alaoui M, Mliha Touati M, Al Maghraoui O, En-Nouali A, Bouaity B, Ammar H |title=Carotid Body Tumors: A Case Series and Review of the Literature |journal=Ann Vasc Surg |volume=43 |issue= |pages=265–271 |date=August 2017 |pmid=28478173 |doi=10.1016/j.avsg.2017.03.167 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Age: 26-55 years
Gender: Male predominance
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* A slow growing pulsating and expanding [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
* pain
* Change in voice
* [[Dizziness]]
* [[Tinnitus]]
* [[Headache]]
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Mobile non-tender [[Neck masses|neck mass]] (horizontally more than vertically)
*
* [[Pulsatile Flow|Pulsatile]] nodule in [[neck]]
* [[Bruit]] may be present
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Urine analysis for [[metanephrine]] levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |May show Increased [[catecholamine]] levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Microscopically they are extra- adrenal [[paragangliomas]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Doppler ultrasound]], [[Computed tomography|CT,]] [[MRI]] and [[angiography]] is used to visualize the [[tumor]].
* [[Metaiodobenzylguanidine|Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)]] testing
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Histopathology]] analysis and [[catecholamine]] levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Paraganglioma]]
<ref name="pmid15328326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neumann HP, Pawlu C, Peczkowska M, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, Muresan M, Buchta M, Franke G, Klisch J, Bley TA, Hoegerle S, Boedeker CC, Opocher G, Schipper J, Januszewicz A, Eng C |title=Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations |journal=JAMA |volume=292 |issue=8 |pages=943–51 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15328326 |doi=10.1001/jama.292.8.943 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11701678">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erickson D, Kudva YC, Ebersold MJ, Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Young WF |title=Benign paragangliomas: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in 236 patients |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue=11 |pages=5210–6 |date=November 2001 |pmid=11701678 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.11.8034 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8678971">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Riordain DS, Young WF, Grant CS, Carney JA, van Heerden JA |title=Clinical spectrum and outcome of functional extraadrenal paraganglioma |journal=World J Surg |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=916–21; discussion 922 |date=September 1996 |pmid=8678971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]] (Majority)
[[Malignant]] (rare)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mean age:age from 50 to 70 years
Gender: More in females
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
May be an accidental finding depending on their secretory nature or present with following symptoms:
* [[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
* [[Tremor]]
* Pulse-like vibratory sense
* [[Headache]]
* Change in voice Vertigo
[[Catecholamine]]<nowiki/>secreting [[paragangliomas]] present with :
* [[Hypertension]]
* [[Headache]]
* [[Sweating]]
* [[Tachycardia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |No visible [[mass]] as they are located deep in the the [[neck]] along the [[Glossopharyngeal nerve|glossopharyngeal]] and [[Vagal nerve|vagal nerves]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |skin stays intact and usually is normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Associated with some hereditary syndromes and  [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2|MEN2B]] syndrome,  [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] and [[VHL syndrome|VHL]] disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Biochemical testing]] may show [[catecholamine]] metabolites in serum or urine samples
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |These are highly vascular tumors that involves nerves around vessels
[[Gross examination|Gross]] findings:
* Fleshy [[tumor]]<nowiki/>s
* Pink to red brown to gray in color
* Associated with [[hemorrhage]] or [[fibrosis]]
[[Microscopic|Microscopic findings]]:
Round or polygonal cells arranged inside capsule in the form of nests or  forming trabecular structures.
Differentiation between [[benign]] or [[malignancy]] form is done depending  [[microscopic]] features of [[invasion]] and [[Mitotic index|high mitotic index]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Following imaging techniques can be used to diagnose the [[tumor]]:
* [[Ultrasound]]
* [[Computed tomography]]
* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]
As these are secretory tumors further testing with following techniques can confirm [[diagnose]]<nowiki/>s:
* [[Angiography]]
* [[metaiodobenzylguanidine]] (MIBG)
* 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose Positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] and [[Catecholamine|serum catecholamine analysis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Schwannoma]]
<ref name="pmid24450866">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hilton DA, Hanemann CO |title=Schwannomas and their pathogenesis |journal=Brain Pathol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–20 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24450866 |doi=10.1111/bpa.12125 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28237565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert P, Patel J, Badawy K, Weissinger W, Brenner M, Bourhill I, Parnell J |title=Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma: A Review of Varying Clinical Presentations and Imaging Findings |journal=J Foot Ankle Surg |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=632–637 |date=2017 |pmid=28237565 |doi=10.1053/j.jfas.2016.12.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27020268">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong BLK, Bathala S, Grant D |title=Laryngeal schwannoma: a systematic review |journal=Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |volume=274 |issue=1 |pages=25–34 |date=January 2017 |pmid=27020268 |doi=10.1007/s00405-016-4013-6 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rare [[tumor]]
Incidence: 1% to 10%
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Slow growing [[mass]] presents with the localized neural deficit depending on the site of [[peripheral nerve]] involved.
[[Vagal]] involvement:
* [[Hoarseness]]
* [[Dysphagia]]
[[Sympathetic nerve]] involvement may present as [[Horner's syndrome]]:
* [[Dilated pupil]]
* Decrease [[sweating]]
* Dropping eye lid
Vestibular [[Schwannoma]] (most common):
* [[Hearing impairment]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple slow growing  [[nodules]] on the skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Associated with [[neurofibromatosis type II]].
Most common nerve involved in [[vestibular nerve]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |May be normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* It is a [[peripheral nerve]] [[tumor]]
[[vagus nerve]] or [[Sympathetic chain|superior cervical sympathetic chain]] being most common locations.
* [[Histology]] shows encapsulated neural tissue growth.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] can diagnose the tumor. Its hard to discriminate [[Carotid body tumor]] from [[Schwannoma]] on [[Computed tomography|CT]]. [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and [[Angiography|MRI angiography]] can confirm the diagnoses.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] is used for diagnoses
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lymphoma]] <ref name="pmid7139563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71395632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid15185336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Negri E, Little D, Boiocchi M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S |title=B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15185336 |doi=10.1002/ijc.20205 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2406917">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moormeier JA, Williams SF, Golomb HM |title=The staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=43–50 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2406917 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid151853362">{{cite journal |vauthors=Negri E, Little D, Boiocchi M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S |title=B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15185336 |doi=10.1002/ijc.20205 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71395633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]/ [[malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Age: Predilection for older age
Mean age: 55
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Insidious onset slow growing [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] with non-specific systemic [[B symptoms]] ([[fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]])
* [[Rash]]
* Waxing and waning [[lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Abdominal fullness]] [[hepatomegaly]]  and [[splenomegaly]]
* [[Infections]] due to[[cytopenias]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Multiple chain [[lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Hepatomegaly]]
* [[Splenomegaly]]
* [[Mesenteric]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Ascites]]
* [[Auscultation|Chest auscultation]] may show [[crackles]] and [[fibrosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Rash]] and [[pruritus]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
With acquired form of C1 inhibitor deficiency patients may develop [[angioedema]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Thrombocytopenia]]
* [[Leukopenia]]
* [[Hypercalcemia]]
* [[Hyperuricemia]]      (increased cell turnover)
* [[Immunoglobulin|Monoclonal immunoglobulin]] (M-spike)
* Raised [[LDH]] levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Fine needle aspiration]] (FNA) with cytometry is used for screening.
* Tissue [[biopsy]] is used for diagnose.
* On complete node analysis four patterns are described:
** Nodular/follicular
** Diffuse pattern
** Transition from a nodular to a diffuse pattern in adjacent nodes
** Transition from a lower to a higher grade of involvement within a single node
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Imaging is used to stage the disease.
* [[Positron emission tomography]] with computed tomography ([[PET scan|PET]]/[[Computed tomography|CT]]) is preferred over [[MRI]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Lymph node]] biopsy coupled with cytometry
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Liposarcoma]] <ref name="pmid171979142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans HL |title=Atypical lipomatous tumor, its variants, and its combined forms: a study of 61 cases, with a minimum follow-up of 10 years |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17197914 |doi=10.1097/01.pas.0000213406.95440.7a |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21253554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conyers R, Young S, Thomas DM |title=Liposarcoma: molecular genetics and therapeutics |journal=Sarcoma |volume=2011 |issue= |pages=483154 |date=2011 |pmid=21253554 |pmc=3021868 |doi=10.1155/2011/483154 |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid19194281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alaggio R, Coffin CM, Weiss SW, Bridge JA, Issakov J, Oliveira AM, Folpe AL |title=Liposarcomas in young patients: a study of 82 cases occurring in patients younger than 22 years of age |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=645–58 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19194281 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181963c9c |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid176106862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Serpell JW, Chen RY |title=Review of large deep lipomatous tumours |journal=ANZ J Surg |volume=77 |issue=7 |pages=524–9 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17610686 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04042.x |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Rare [[tumors]]
Age: Relatively in older age
Gender: No gender predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mobile [[Mass|masses]] with very few symptoms until  they grow enough to compress the surrounding structures, which produces symptoms of neural deficit, pain, tingling or skin changes.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mobile soft [[mass]] with intact overlying skin and in some cases with blue discoloration due to intra-lesion [[hemorrhage]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intact and normal color
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Gross examination|Gross]] findings:
Bulk of yellow colored fat tissue.
[[Microscopic|Microscopic features]]:
[[Adipose tissue]] containing that containing lipoblasts atypical [[nucleus]] pushed to side by intracytoplasmic vacuoles.
Tissue biopsy may show [[histological]] sub-groups:
* Well-differentiated
* Myxoid/round cell
* Pleomorphic liposarcomas
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] is not usually used for diagnoses except to look for deeper [[invasion]].
[[Ultrasound]] shows homogeneous hyperechoic [[mass]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[Histopathology|histopathology analysis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lipoma]] <ref name="pmid24800932">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Bree E, Karatzanis A, Hunt JL, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, Takes RP, Ferlito A, de Bree R |title=Lipomatous tumours of the head and neck: a spectrum of biological behaviour |journal=Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |volume=272 |issue=5 |pages=1061–77 |date=May 2015 |pmid=24800932 |doi=10.1007/s00405-014-3065-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6670522">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rydholm A, Berg NO |title=Size, site and clinical incidence of lipoma. Factors in the differential diagnosis of lipoma and sarcoma |journal=Acta Orthop Scand |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=929–34 |date=December 1983 |pmid=6670522 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7282321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Myhre-Jensen O |title=A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benign soft tissue tumours. Clinicopathologic data. Comparison with sarcomas |journal=Acta Orthop Scand |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=287–93 |date=June 1981 |pmid=7282321 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Genetic predisposition]]
* Unspecific gender or age association
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |One or multiple soft, painless skin nodules.
May causes pain or compressive [[symptoms]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mobile soft nodule with intact overlying skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intact and normal in color
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Multiple [[lipomas]] are associated with [[familial]] multiple lipomatosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Diagnoses is usually [[clinical]] but tissue [[biopsy]] may show
Bundle of well-demarcated lipocytes with single [[nuclei]] aligned to the side and intra-cytoplasimic fat granules.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Diagnoses is usually clinical but [[ultrasound]] is used to differentiate [[lipoma]] from other [[benign]] lesions such as [[epidermoid cyst]] or a [[ganglion]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Clinical]] evaluation
and tissue [[biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Glomus vagale, [[Glomus jugulare tumor|glomus jugulare]] tumors
<ref name="pmid8164483">{{cite journal |vauthors=Urquhart AC, Johnson JT, Myers EN, Schechter GL |title=Glomus vagale: paraganglioma of the vagus nerve |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=440–5 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8164483 |doi=10.1288/00005537-199404000-00008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6308990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valavanis A, Schubiger O, Oguz M |title=High-resolution CT investigation of nonchromaffin paragangliomas of the temporal bone |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=516–9 |date=1983 |pmid=6308990 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid81644832">{{cite journal |vauthors=Urquhart AC, Johnson JT, Myers EN, Schechter GL |title=Glomus vagale: paraganglioma of the vagus nerve |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=440–5 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8164483 |doi=10.1288/00005537-199404000-00008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1988766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stein PP, Black HR |title=A simplified diagnostic approach to pheochromocytoma. A review of the literature and report of one institution's experience |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=46–66 |date=January 1991 |pmid=1988766 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="pmid17400487">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM |title=A multicenter review of carotid body tumour management |journal=Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=127–30 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17400487 |doi=10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15883711">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Schipper J |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Fam. Cancer |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=55–9 |date=2005 |pmid=15883711 |doi=10.1007/s10689-004-2154-z |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Rare tumor
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Painless slowly enlarging [[Mass|mass in the neck]]
* May have compressive symptoms such as:
** [[Dysphagia]]
** [[Hoarseness]]
** [[Cranial nerves]] deficits
** [[Horner's syndrome]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Firm, non-compressible and non-tender [[swelling]].
* Absent [[thrill]] or [[bruit]] differentiate it from [[Aneurysm|carotid aneurysm]].
* Normal overlying skin.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal and mobile overlying skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Secretory tumors are diagnosed by biochemical testing using  [[Metaiodobenzylguanidine]] (MIBG) , followed by [[imaging]] to locate the [[tumor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Glomus tumor|Glomus tumors]] arise from Non [[Chromaffin cells]] their [[histopathology]] reveals "salt and pepper" [[chromatin]] which is typical of tumor.
* On [[immunohistochemistry]] [[Tumor cell|tumor]] cells show [[chromogranin]]  and [[S-100]] positivisty
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Imaging]] is important for the diagnosis.
* [[Imaging]] of  choice is [[MRI]].
* [[MRI]] may show typical appearance of the [[tumor]] along [[Vagus nerve]].
* [[Ultrasonography|USG]] may used to see the [[tumor]] but it is for early stage of diagnoses.
* [[Ultrasonography|US]] shows isoechoic to hypoechoic well defined [[tumor]].
* [[CT-scans|CT]] can show vascularity of tumor.
* Biochemical testing to see secretary nature of [[tumor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Imaging]] and MIBG testing
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Head and neck cancer|Metastatic head and neck cancer]]
<ref name="pmid2211107">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gluckman JL, Robbins KT, Fried MP |title=Cervical metastatic squamous carcinoma of unknown or occult primary source |journal=Head Neck |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=440–3 |date=1990 |pmid=2211107 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19841343">{{cite journal |vauthors=Waltonen JD, Ozer E, Hall NC, Schuller DE, Agrawal A |title=Metastatic carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary origin: evolution and efficacy of the modern workup |journal=Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. |volume=135 |issue=10 |pages=1024–9 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19841343 |doi=10.1001/archoto.2009.145 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Depends on the nature of [[metastatic]] [[tumor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Asymptomatic
* Painless [[lymphadenopathy]].
* Supra clavicular fullness in case of [[stomach cancer]] [[metastasis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Non-[[Tenderness|tender]] [[mass]] in the [[neck]] or non-tender [[lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Normal skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Majority of metastatic [[head and neck cancer]] metastatise from [[Gastrointestinal tract|GIT]] and lungs and are [[Squamous cell carcinoma|squamous cell caners]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Vary depending on the underlying [[cancer]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Histology]] of primary cancer
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] shows extend of the [[tumor]] and other regions of [[metastasis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathology]] of the primary site of [[tumor]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Laryngeal cancer]]
<ref name="pmid6639441">{{cite journal |vauthors=Feldman PS, Kaplan MJ, Johns ME, Cantrell RW |title=Fine-needle aspiration in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |journal=Arch Otolaryngol |volume=109 |issue=11 |pages=735–42 |date=November 1983 |pmid=6639441 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26237923">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grénman R, Koivunen P, Minn H |title=[Laryngeal cancer in Finland] |language=Finnish |journal=Duodecim |volume=131 |issue=4 |pages=331–7 |date=2015 |pmid=26237923 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]/[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Older males
* Younger patients with [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] infection or smoking history
*
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Neck masses|Neck mass]]
* [[Hoarseness]]
* Throat pain
* [[Snoring]]
* [[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Examination of [[neck]] and [[oral cavity]] may show [[mass]] and [[lymphadenopathy]].
* Examination of [[laryngeal cancer]] is done using flexible [[laryngoscopy]] under [[anesthesia]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Smoking]] is the most common risk factor
* [[Smoking]] with [[alcohol]] increases the risk
* Oropharyngeal cancers presenting with [[neck masses]] are associated with
[[Human papillomavirus|human papillomavirus (HPV)]]  infection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Human papillomavirus|HPV testing]] may show [[HPV infection]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[FNA]] of [[Neck masses|neck mass]] followed by [[biopsy]] is done to diagnose [[laryngeal cancer]]. It  show type cancerous cells.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Computed tomography|CT]], [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and [[Positron emission tomography|PET]] are used to see local infiltration by [[cancer]] and also distant [[metastases]].
* Panendoscopy is done to see extent of the [[tumor]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Laryngoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Arteriovenous fistula]]
<ref name="pmid26972281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guneyli S, Cinar C, Bozkaya H, Korkmaz M, Oran I |title=Endovascular management of congenital arteriovenous fistulae in the neck |journal=Diagn Interv Imaging |volume=97 |issue=9 |pages=871–5 |date=September 2016 |pmid=26972281 |doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.08.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8264877">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gobin YP, Garcia de la Fuente JA, Herbreteau D, Houdart E, Merland JJ |title=Endovascular treatment of external carotid-jugular fistulae in the parotid region |journal=Neurosurgery |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=812–6 |date=November 1993 |pmid=8264877 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]/[[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Depends on the risk factors
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Expanding [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
* [[Headaches]]
* [[Dizziness]]
* [[Neurological|Neurological sequels]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Pulsating [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
* [[Bruit]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intact overlying skin with normal color and texture
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |May be associated with [[vasculopathies]] and [[metastatic]] invasion of vessels and neck surgery
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Varies depending on the etiology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[MR angiography]] may be used to visualize the tract
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[MR angiography]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroid mass causes|Thyroid nodule]]/ [[Goiter]]
<ref name="pmid7606997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Madjar S, Weissberg D |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=Chest |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=78–82 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7606997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11893102">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedayati N, McHenry CR |title=The clinical presentation and operative management of nodular and diffuse substernal thyroid disease |journal=Am Surg |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=245–51; discussion 251–2 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11893102 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23145396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hughes K, Eastman C |title=Goitre - causes, investigation and management |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=572–6 |date=August 2012 |pmid=23145396 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10972051">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hermus AR, Huysmans DA |title=[Diagnosis and therapy of patients with euthyroid goiter] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd |volume=144 |issue=34 |pages=1623–7 |date=August 2000 |pmid=10972051 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]/ [[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Female predominance
* Young age (benign causes)
* Old age ([[malignant]] etiology)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Growing painless [[Neck masses|neck mass]] in front of neck
* [[Weight loss]]
* Palpitation
* [[Hoarseness]]
* [[Irritability]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Painless non-tender and asymmetrical [[Neck masses|neck mass]] in front of neck with smooth overlying skin and nodular surface
* Depending on the type may be mobile or adherent to the underlying structure
* [[Lymphadenopathy]] in case of [[malignant]] features
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Intact
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Goiter]] is most commonly associated with [[iodine deficiency]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Normal to low [[TSH|TSH levels]] in case of malignancy
* High TSH levels in case of [[goiter]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[FNA]] is done in case of [[goiter]] and [[Biopsy|core biopsy]] is performed if [[malignancy]] is suspected
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Ultrasonography|USG]]: Shows nodular or non- nodular lesions in [[Thyroid]]. [[Ultrasonography|US]] is better than [[Computed tomography|CT]].
[[Thyroid]] [[radionuclide imaging]]: Shows [[radioiodine]] uptake and is usually cold in case of [[malignancy]] and may be cold or hot in case of [[goiter]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathology]] of nodules
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Skin changes
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |LAP
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
|}
===References===
{{reflist|2}}
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Diseases</small>
| colspan="6" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''<small>Clinical manifestations</small>'''
! colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Para-clinical findings</small>
| rowspan="4" |<small>'''Pap Smear'''</small>
! rowspan="4" |<small>Histopathology</small>
| colspan="1" rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''<small>Gold standard</small>'''
! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Additional findings</small>
|-
| colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''<small>Symptoms</small>'''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Physical examination</small>
|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Lab Findings</small>
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Imaging</small>
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Menorrhagia</small>
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Post Menstrual</small>
<small>Bleeding</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Pelvic P</small><small>ain</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Other</small>
<small>symptoms</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Pelvic examination</small>
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Abdominal examination</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Hb</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>B-HCG</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>CEA-19</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>Ultrasound</small>
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |<small>MRI</small>
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>[[Uterine cancer|Endometrial]]</small> <small>[[Uterine cancer|cancer]]</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Uterine sarcoma|<small>Uterine</small>]]
[[Uterine sarcoma|<small>sarcoma</small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Lymphoma|<small>Uterine</small>]]
[[Lymphoma|<small>lymphoma</small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
<small>or</small>
<small>N</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>Uterine</small> <small>[[leiomyoma]]</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
<small>or</small>
<small>N</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>Malignant</small> <small>mixed</small>
<small>Mullerian</small>
<small>tumour</small>
<small>(MMMT)</small>
<small>of the uterus</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>[[Cervical cancer|Cervical]]</small> <small>[[Cervical cancer|cancer]]</small>
<small>with</small>
<small>uterine</small>
<small>invasion</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>[[Metastasis]]</small> <small>to the</small> <small>uterus</small> <small>from a</small>
<small>non-gynaecologcial</small>
<small>malignancy</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Endometrial polyp|<small>Endometrial</small>]]
[[Endometrial polyp|<small>polyp</small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
<small>or</small>
<small>N</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Endometrial hyperplasia|<small>Endometrial</small>]]
[[Endometrial hyperplasia|<small>hyperpalsia]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Adenomyoma|<small>Uterine</small>]]
[[Adenomyoma|<small>adenomyoma</small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hematometra|<small>Hematometra</small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |[[Anemia|↓]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]<small>[[Gestational trophoblastic disease|Gestational]]</small>
[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]
[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]<small>[[Gestational trophoblastic disease|trophoblastic]]</small>
[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]<small>[[Gestational trophoblastic disease|disease]]</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]<small>[[Retained products of conception|Incomplete]]</small>
[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]<small>[[Retained products of conception|abortion]]</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<small>[[Fetus]]</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>No</small>
<small>Menstrual cycle</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |<small>+/-</small>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hematometra|<small></small>]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
|-
|}


{|
{|

Revision as of 18:26, 10 April 2019


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qurrat-ul-ain Abid, M.D.[2]


Diseases Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging Histopathology
Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Physical exam 1 Physical exam 2 Physical exam 3 Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Imaging 1 Imaging 2 Imaging 3
Diseases Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Physical exam 1 Physical exam 2 Physical exam 3 Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Imaging 1 Imaging 2 Imaging 3 Histopathology Gold standard Additional findings
Differential Diagnosis 1
Differential Diagnosis 2
Differential Diagnosis 3
Diseases Symptom 1 Symptom 2 Symptom 3 Physical exam 1 Physical exam 2 Physical exam 3 Lab 1 Lab 2 Lab 3 Imaging 1 Imaging 2 Imaging 3 Histopathology Gold standard Additional findings
Differential Diagnosis 4
Differential Diagnosis 5
Differential Diagnosis 6

Table for Differential Diagnosis of Small Intestine Cancer

ABBREVIATIONS:

N/A: Not available, NL: Normal,

References

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