Carcinoid syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 17:04, 18 April 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders (multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and neurofibromatosis type 1) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).

Causes

Approximately 30-40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors present with carcinoid syndrome.
Carcinoid syndrome is predominantly associated with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that arise from the midgut in the setting of extensive liver metastases
Carcinoid syndrome may be present in patients with bronchial carcinoids.^[1]
other common causes of carcinoid syndrome includes are mostly genetic:^[2]
Genetic disorders


Genetic Disorder	Tumor Location

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	Carcinoids associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 appear to be of foregut origin
Neurofibromatosis type 1	Carcinoids in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 appear to arise primarily in the periampullary region

Genetic mutations


Type of Mutation	Chromosomes

Gains	Chromosome 5 Chromosome 14 Chromosome 17 Chromosome 19
Losses	Chromosome 11 Chromosome 18

References

↑ Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP (August 2018). "Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 73 (suppl 1): e490s. doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s. PMC 6096975. PMID 30133565.
↑ Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid30133565-1] Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP (August 2018). "Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment". Clinics (Sao Paulo). 73 (suppl 1): e490s. doi:10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s. PMC 6096975. PMID 30133565.

[aaa-2] Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==Overview==
-Common causes of carcinoid syndrome include genetic disorders ([[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] and [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]) and genetic mutations (gains involving chromosomes 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving chromosomes 11 and 18).
+Common causes of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] include [[genetic disorders]] ([[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] and [[neurofibromatosis type 1]]) and [[genetic mutations]] (gains involving [[chromosomes]] 5, 14, 17, and 19 and losses involving [[chromosomes]] 11 and 18).
 ==Causes==
-*Approximately 30-40% of patients with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors present with carcinoid syndrome.
+*Approximately 30-40% of patients with well-differentiated [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors]] present with [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]].
-*Carcinoid syndrome is predominantly associated with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that arise from the midgut in the setting of extensive liver metastases
+*[[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] is predominantly associated with [[Neuroendocrine tumor|neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)]] that arise from the [[midgut]] in the setting of extensive [[Liver (2)|liver]] [[metastases]]
-* Carcinoid syndrome may be present in patients with bronchial carcinoids.<ref name="pmid30133565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP |title=Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment |journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) |volume=73 |issue=suppl 1 |pages=e490s |date=August 2018 |pmid=30133565 |pmc=6096975 |doi=10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s |url=}}</ref>
+* [[Carcinoid Syndrome|Carcinoid syndrome]] may be present in patients with [[bronchial]] [[Carcinoid|carcinoids]].<ref name="pmid30133565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rubin de Celis Ferrari AC, Glasberg J, Riechelmann RP |title=Carcinoid syndrome: update on the pathophysiology and treatment |journal=Clinics (Sao Paulo) |volume=73 |issue=suppl 1 |pages=e490s |date=August 2018 |pmid=30133565 |pmc=6096975 |doi=10.6061/clinics/2018/e490s |url=}}</ref>
-* other common causes of carcinoid syndrome includes are mostly genetic:<ref name=aaa>Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
+* other common causes of [[Carcinoid Syndrome|carcinoid syndrome]] includes are mostly [[genetic]]:<ref name="aaa">Molecular genetics. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq</ref>
-*'''Genetic disorders'''
+*'''[[Genetic disorders]]'''
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
-|valign=top|
+| valign="top" |
 |+
 ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Genetic Disorder}}
@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Carcinoids associated with [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] appear to be of [[foregut]] origin
+*[[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] associated with [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] appear to be of [[foregut]] origin
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
 [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Carcinoids in patients with [[neurofibromatosis type 1]] appear to arise primarily in the periampullary region
+*[[Carcinoid|Carcinoids]] in patients with [[neurofibromatosis type 1]] appear to arise primarily in the [[periampullary]] region
 |}
 *'''Genetic mutations'''
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align=center
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 600px" align="center"
-|valign=top|
+| valign="top" |
 |+
 ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Type of Mutation}}
@@ Line 42: / Line 41: @@
 Gains
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Chromosome 5
+*[[Chromosome]] 5
-*Chromosome 14
+*[[Chromosome]] 14
-*Chromosome 17
+*[[Chromosome]] 17
-*Chromosome 19
+*[[Chromosome]] 19
 |-
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |
 Losses
 | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
-*Chromosome 11
+*[[Chromosome]] 11
-*Chromosome 18
+*[[Chromosome]] 18
 |}

Carcinoid syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:04, 18 April 2019

Overview

Causes

References

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