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*The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> | *The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> | ||
*The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | *The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | ||
*However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 | *However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }} </ref> | ||
*In adult,retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid26035399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA |title=NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS |journal=Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2483–8 |date=December 2015 |pmid=26035399 |doi=10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612 |url=}}</ref> | *In adult,retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid26035399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA |title=NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS |journal=Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2483–8 |date=December 2015 |pmid=26035399 |doi=10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic [[tumor]], which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months. | *Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic [[tumor]], which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months. | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of retinoblastoma in United States is approximately .43 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[2] Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3] There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States has been reported to be between 5 to 7 cases per 100,000 live births.[4]
The incidence of retinoblastoma in United States is approximately .43 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 1.0 to 1.4 cases per 100,000 children(approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births).[5] In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases of retinoblastoma per year. Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18,000 to 30,000 live births worldwide.[6] 90% of the retinoblastoma cases are diagnosed before three years of age.
Age
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.[2]
- The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[3]
- However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.[7][8]
- In adult,retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.[9]
- Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic tumor, which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months.
Gender
Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[2]
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[2]
Region
- India has the highest incidence of retinoblastoma with approximately 1500 new cases annually.[10]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Kivelä T (September 2009). "The epidemiological challenge of the most frequent eye cancer: retinoblastoma, an issue of birth and death". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (9): 1129–31. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.150292. PMID 19704035.
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. National Cancer institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ Abramson DH, Schefler AC (2004). "Update on retinoblastoma". Retina. 24 (6): 828–48. PMID 15579980.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA (December 2015). "NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS". Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 35 (12): 2483–8. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612. PMID 26035399.
- ↑ Dimaras H, Kimani K, Dimba EA, Gronsdahl P, White A, Chan HS, Gallie BL (April 2012). "Retinoblastoma". Lancet. 379 (9824): 1436–46. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61137-9. PMID 22414599.