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==Overview==
==Overview==
Other imaging studies for oligodendroglioma include MR spectroscopy (dominant [[N-acetyl aspartate]] peak, increased [[choline]] levels and decreased [[N-acetyl aspartate|NAA]] levels with a [[myo-inositol]] peak), MR perfusion (increased "''chicken wire''" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume), PET scan (to differentiate between oligodendroglioma from anaplastic oligodendroglioma and tumor recurrence from tumor necrosis), and bone scan (bone metastasis).<ref name="pmid15509821">{{cite journal| author=Eskandar EN, Loeffler JS, O'Neill AM, Hunter GJ, Louis DN| title=Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-2004. A 34-year-old man with a seizure and a frontal-lobe brain lesion. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 18 | pages= 1875-82 | pmid=15509821 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcpc049025 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15509821  }} </ref><ref name="pmid13677949">{{cite journal| author=Nikaido K, Nihira H, Wakai S, Honmo O, Tsuzuki A| title=[A case of oligodendroglioma with temporal lobe epilepsy initially suspected as having paroxymal tachycardia]. | journal=No To Hattatsu | year= 2003 | volume= 35 | issue= 5 | pages= 401-5 | pmid=13677949 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13677949  }} </ref><ref name=MRSradio>Axial MRS of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Bruno Di Muzio. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/oligodendroglioma-14</ref><ref name="pmid12577293">{{cite journal| author=Rijpkema M, Schuuring J, van der Meulen Y, van der Graaf M, Bernsen H, Boerman R et al.| title=Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging. | journal=NMR Biomed | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-8 | pmid=12577293 | doi=10.1002/nbm.807 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12577293  }} </ref><ref name=Radio>Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref><ref name="pmid16908552">{{cite journal| author=Ceyssens S, Van Laere K, de Groot T, Goffin J, Bormans G, Mortelmans L| title=[11C]methionine PET, histopathology, and survival in primary brain tumors and recurrence. | journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol | year= 2006 | volume= 27 | issue= 7 | pages= 1432-7 | pmid=16908552 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16908552  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24212625">{{cite journal| author=Beauchesne P| title=Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality? | journal=Cancers (Basel) | year= 2011 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 461-77 | pmid=24212625 | doi=10.3390/cancers3010461 | pmc=PMC3756372 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24212625  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16219856">{{cite journal| author=Al-Ali F, Hendon AJ, Liepman MK, Wisniewski JL, Krinock MJ, Beckman K| title=Oligodendroglioma metastatic to bone marrow. | journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol | year= 2005 | volume= 26 | issue= 9 | pages= 2410-4 | pmid=16219856 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16219856  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8580060">{{cite journal| author=Gerrard GE, Bond MG, Jack AS| title=Bone marrow infiltration by a parietal lobe grade III oligodendroglioma. | journal=Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) | year= 1995 | volume= 7 | issue= 5 | pages= 321-2 | pmid=8580060 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8580060  }} </ref>
Other imaging studies for oligodendroglioma include MR spectroscopy (dominant [[N-acetyl aspartate]] peak, increased [[choline]] levels and decreased [[N-acetyl aspartate|NAA]] levels with a [[myo-inositol]] peak), MR perfusion (increased "''chicken wire''" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume), PET scan (to differentiate between oligodendroglioma from anaplastic oligodendroglioma and tumor recurrence from tumor necrosis), and bone scan (bone metastasis).


==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Imaging Findings==
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===Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy===
===Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy===
*Findings on [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] include:<ref name="pmid15509821">{{cite journal| author=Eskandar EN, Loeffler JS, O'Neill AM, Hunter GJ, Louis DN| title=Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-2004. A 34-year-old man with a seizure and a frontal-lobe brain lesion. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 18 | pages= 1875-82 | pmid=15509821 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcpc049025 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15509821  }} </ref><ref name="pmid13677949">{{cite journal| author=Nikaido K, Nihira H, Wakai S, Honmo O, Tsuzuki A| title=[A case of oligodendroglioma with temporal lobe epilepsy initially suspected as having paroxymal tachycardia]. | journal=No To Hattatsu | year= 2003 | volume= 35 | issue= 5 | pages= 401-5 | pmid=13677949 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13677949  }} </ref><ref name=MRSradio>Axial MRS of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Bruno Di Muzio. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/oligodendroglioma-14</ref><ref name="pmid12577293">{{cite journal| author=Rijpkema M, Schuuring J, van der Meulen Y, van der Graaf M, Bernsen H, Boerman R et al.| title=Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging. | journal=NMR Biomed | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-8 | pmid=12577293 | doi=10.1002/nbm.807 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12577293  }} </ref>
*Findings on [[Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|MR spectroscopy]] include:<ref name="pmid15509821">{{cite journal| author=Eskandar EN, Loeffler JS, O'Neill AM, Hunter GJ, Louis DN| title=Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-2004. A 34-year-old man with a seizure and a frontal-lobe brain lesion. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 351 | issue= 18 | pages= 1875-82 | pmid=15509821 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcpc049025 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15509821  }} </ref><ref name="pmid13677949">{{cite journal| author=Nikaido K, Nihira H, Wakai S, Honmo O, Tsuzuki A| title=[A case of oligodendroglioma with temporal lobe epilepsy initially suspected as having paroxymal tachycardia]. | journal=No To Hattatsu | year= 2003 | volume= 35 | issue= 5 | pages= 401-5 | pmid=13677949 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13677949  }} </ref><ref name="MRSradio">Axial MRS of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Bruno Di Muzio. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/oligodendroglioma-14</ref><ref name="pmid12577293">{{cite journal| author=Rijpkema M, Schuuring J, van der Meulen Y, van der Graaf M, Bernsen H, Boerman R et al.| title=Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging. | journal=NMR Biomed | year= 2003 | volume= 16 | issue= 1 | pages= 12-8 | pmid=12577293 | doi=10.1002/nbm.807 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12577293  }} </ref>
**[[N-acetyl aspartate]] (NAA) peak is dominant
**[[N-acetyl aspartate]] (NAA) peak is dominant
**[[Choline]]-to-[[creatine]] ratio of less than 3:1
**[[Choline]]-to-[[creatine]] ratio of less than 3:1
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===Magnetic Resonance Perfusion===
===Magnetic Resonance Perfusion===
*Findings on [[Perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] include:<ref name=Radio>Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref>
*Findings on [[Perfusion weighted imaging|MR perfusion]] include:<ref name="Radio">Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref>
**Increased "''chicken wire''" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)
**Increased "''chicken wire''" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)
*MR perfusion has a sensitivity of 95% for distinguishing grade II from grade III oligodendrogliomas. rCBV above the threshold of 1.75 demonstrates more rapid tumor progression.
*MR perfusion has a sensitivity of 95% for distinguishing grade II from grade III oligodendrogliomas. rCBV above the threshold of 1.75 demonstrates more rapid tumor progression.
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===Positron Emission Tomography===
===Positron Emission Tomography===
*[[PET|11C-Methionine PET]] and [[PET|F-18 FDG PET]] studies can be used to differentiate oligodendroglioma from anaplastic oligodendroglioma.<ref name=Radio>Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref>
*[[PET|11C-Methionine PET]] and [[PET|F-18 FDG PET]] studies can be used to differentiate oligodendroglioma from anaplastic oligodendroglioma.<ref name="Radio">Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref>
*[[PET|[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET]] scan has been helpful in:<ref name=Radio>Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref><ref name="pmid16908552">{{cite journal| author=Ceyssens S, Van Laere K, de Groot T, Goffin J, Bormans G, Mortelmans L| title=[11C]methionine PET, histopathology, and survival in primary brain tumors and recurrence. | journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol | year= 2006 | volume= 27 | issue= 7 | pages= 1432-7 | pmid=16908552 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16908552  }} </ref>
*[[PET|[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET]] scan has been helpful in:<ref name="Radio">Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma</ref><ref name="pmid16908552">{{cite journal| author=Ceyssens S, Van Laere K, de Groot T, Goffin J, Bormans G, Mortelmans L| title=[11C]methionine PET, histopathology, and survival in primary brain tumors and recurrence. | journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol | year= 2006 | volume= 27 | issue= 7 | pages= 1432-7 | pmid=16908552 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16908552  }} </ref>
**Differeniating oligodendroglioma from [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] - [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) uptake of oligodendroglioma is similar to normal [[white matter]], whereas FDG uptake of [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] is similar to normal [[gray matter]]
**Differeniating oligodendroglioma from [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] - [[Florbetapir (18F)|[18F] fluorodeoxyglucose]] (FDG) uptake of oligodendroglioma is similar to normal [[white matter]], whereas FDG uptake of [[anaplastic|anaplastic oligodendroglioma]] is similar to normal [[gray matter]]
**Differentiating [[tumor]] recurrence from tumor [[necrosis]]
**Differentiating [[tumor]] recurrence from tumor [[necrosis]]

Revision as of 11:41, 1 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]Sujit Routray, M.D. [3]

Overview

Other imaging studies for oligodendroglioma include MR spectroscopy (dominant N-acetyl aspartate peak, increased choline levels and decreased NAA levels with a myo-inositol peak), MR perfusion (increased "chicken wire" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume), PET scan (to differentiate between oligodendroglioma from anaplastic oligodendroglioma and tumor recurrence from tumor necrosis), and bone scan (bone metastasis).

Other Imaging Findings

Other imaging studies for oligodendroglioma include MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion, PET scan, and bone scan.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Images

  • On spectroscopy, the lesion demonstrates increased choline and decreased NAA with a myo-inositol peak.[5]
    On spectroscopy, the lesion demonstrates increased choline and decreased NAA with a myo-inositol peak.[5]

Magnetic Resonance Perfusion

  • Findings on MR perfusion include:[6]
    • Increased "chicken wire" network of vascularity, which results in elevated relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)
  • MR perfusion has a sensitivity of 95% for distinguishing grade II from grade III oligodendrogliomas. rCBV above the threshold of 1.75 demonstrates more rapid tumor progression.

Images

  • MR perfusion demonstrates significantly increased CBV (area 'under' the purple curve) compared to the other side.[7]
    MR perfusion demonstrates significantly increased CBV (area 'under' the purple curve) compared to the other side.[7]
  • MR perfusion of the brain.[7]
    MR perfusion of the brain.[7]

Positron Emission Tomography

Bone Scan

  • Most malignant gliomas get metastasized to the bones via the hematogenous spread.[9]
  • Bone scan may be performed to detect metastases of malignant oligodendroglioma to bones.[10][11]

References

  1. ↑ Eskandar EN, Loeffler JS, O'Neill AM, Hunter GJ, Louis DN (2004). "Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-2004. A 34-year-old man with a seizure and a frontal-lobe brain lesion". N Engl J Med. 351 (18): 1875–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc049025. PMID 15509821.
  2. ↑ Nikaido K, Nihira H, Wakai S, Honmo O, Tsuzuki A (2003). "[A case of oligodendroglioma with temporal lobe epilepsy initially suspected as having paroxymal tachycardia]". No To Hattatsu. 35 (5): 401–5. PMID 13677949.
  3. ↑ Axial MRS of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Bruno Di Muzio. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/cases/oligodendroglioma-14
  4. ↑ Rijpkema M, Schuuring J, van der Meulen Y, van der Graaf M, Bernsen H, Boerman R; et al. (2003). "Characterization of oligodendrogliomas using short echo time 1H MR spectroscopic imaging". NMR Biomed. 16 (1): 12–8. doi:10.1002/nbm.807. PMID 12577293.
  5. ↑ Image courtesy of Dr. Bruno Di Muzio. Radiopaedia (original file here). Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Radiographic features of oligodendroglioma. Dr. Henry Knipe and Dr. Frank Gaillard et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/oligodendroglioma
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Image courtesy of Dr. Frank Gaillard. Radiopaedia (original file here). Creative Commons BY-SA-NC
  8. ↑ Ceyssens S, Van Laere K, de Groot T, Goffin J, Bormans G, Mortelmans L (2006). "[11C]methionine PET, histopathology, and survival in primary brain tumors and recurrence". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27 (7): 1432–7. PMID 16908552.
  9. ↑ Beauchesne P (2011). "Extra-neural metastases of malignant gliomas: myth or reality?". Cancers (Basel). 3 (1): 461–77. doi:10.3390/cancers3010461. PMC 3756372. PMID 24212625.
  10. ↑ Al-Ali F, Hendon AJ, Liepman MK, Wisniewski JL, Krinock MJ, Beckman K (2005). "Oligodendroglioma metastatic to bone marrow". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26 (9): 2410–4. PMID 16219856.
  11. ↑ Gerrard GE, Bond MG, Jack AS (1995). "Bone marrow infiltration by a parietal lobe grade III oligodendroglioma". Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 7 (5): 321–2. PMID 8580060.


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