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| == Overview == | | == Overview == |
| [[Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin]] is a slow growing [[invasive]] non-[[melanoma]] [[skin]] [[tumour]], which is caused mainly by prolonged exposure to [[sunlight]] and other forms of [[UV radiation]]. Patients undergo [[Cancer staging|staging]] as a routine part of their [[diagnosis]] and [[Treatment centre|treatment]]. [[Cancer staging|Staging]] of the lesion assists the [[physician]] to choose which form of treatment [[strategy]] suits the [[patient]]. The following is the [[TNM]] staging recommended by the [[American Joint Committee on Cancer]] (AJCC) for [[Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin|cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| ==Classification== | | == Classification == |
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| {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| | style="width:25%" ; border="1" | '''Primary Tumour(T)'''
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center>'''TX''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Primary tumour cannot be assessed.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''T0''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | No evidence of primary tumour.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''Tis''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Carcinoma in situ.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''T1''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" |Tumour 2 cms or less in greatest dimension.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | rowspan="3" | <center> '''T2''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Tumour greater than 2 cms in greatest dimesion.
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| |-
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Or.
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| |-
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Tumour any size with >= with high risk features <sup>'''^^'''</sup>.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''T3''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" |Tumour with invasion of maxilla, mandible, orbit or temporal bone.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''T4''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" |Tumour with invasion of skelton(axial or appendicular) or perineural invasion of skull base
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| |-
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| |}
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| <sup>'''^^'''</sup>High risk features are as follows.
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| {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| | style="width:25%" ; border="1" | '''High Risk Features For Primary Tumour(T) staging'''
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | rowspan="3" | '''Depth/Invasion'''
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | > 2mm thickness
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| |-
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Clark Level >= IV
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| |-
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Perineural Invasion
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| |-
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| |}
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| {| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| | style="width:25%" ; border="1" | '''Regional Lymph Nodes(N)'''
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''NX''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N0''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | No regional lymph node metastases.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N1''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, 3 cm or less in greatest dimesion.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N2''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Metastasis is single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension; or in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimesnion.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N2a''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Metastasis in a single ipsilateral lymph node, more than 3 cm but not more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N2b''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Metastasis in multiple ipsilateral lymph nodes, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N2c''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | Metastasis in bilateral or contralateral lymph nodes, none more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''N3''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" |Metastasis in a lymph node, more than 6 cm in greatest dimension.
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| |-
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| |}
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| {| style="width:35%; height:100px" border="1"
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| | style="width:25%" ; border="1" | '''Metastasis (M)'''
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''M0''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | <center> No distant Metastasis </center>
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| |-
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| |- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | <center> '''M1''' </center>
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| | bgcolor="Beige" | <center> Distant Metastasis </center>
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| |-
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| |}
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| ==References== | | ==References== |