Renal oncocytoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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*[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells]. | *[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells]. | ||
*The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway]. | *The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway]. | ||
*The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype. | *The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype | ||
Oncocytoma is a tumor composed of cells called “oncocytes.” | |||
It was initially reported in 1942 by Zippel [1]. Later, | |||
Klein and Valensi published a case series that defined oncocytoma | |||
as a new and discrete clinicopathologic entity [2]. | |||
Oncocytomas represent 3% to 5% of all renal solid masses | |||
[3–5]. When only renal tumors 4 cm or less are considered, | |||
the incidence rises to 18% [5]. Men are affected 2 to 3 times | |||
more frequently than women [3,6,7]. It is believed that renal | |||
oncocytomas originate from the distal renal tubule epithelium, | |||
most probably from intercalated cells of the collecting | |||
duct [8,9], whereas chromophobe RCC is believed to originate | |||
from the same cell type [10]. Hematoxylin and eosin | |||
microscopic and macroscopic appearance of oncocytomas and RCC may be very similar and, therefore, make the | |||
diagnosis difficult. Most oncocytomas are found incidentally. | |||
The benign nature of the disease is the reason why the | |||
the minority (17%–21%) of cases presents with symptoms | |||
(gross hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass, constitutional | |||
symptoms) [3,6]. | |||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]
Overview
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
OR
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
OR
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
OR
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
OR
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
OR
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- The exact pathogenesis of renal oncocytoma is not completely understood.
- It is understood that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
- [Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
- Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
- [Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
- The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
- The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype
Oncocytoma is a tumor composed of cells called “oncocytes.” It was initially reported in 1942 by Zippel [1]. Later, Klein and Valensi published a case series that defined oncocytoma as a new and discrete clinicopathologic entity [2]. Oncocytomas represent 3% to 5% of all renal solid masses [3–5]. When only renal tumors 4 cm or less are considered, the incidence rises to 18% [5]. Men are affected 2 to 3 times more frequently than women [3,6,7]. It is believed that renal oncocytomas originate from the distal renal tubule epithelium, most probably from intercalated cells of the collecting duct [8,9], whereas chromophobe RCC is believed to originate from the same cell type [10]. Hematoxylin and eosin microscopic and macroscopic appearance of oncocytomas and RCC may be very similar and, therefore, make the diagnosis difficult. Most oncocytomas are found incidentally. The benign nature of the disease is the reason why the the minority (17%–21%) of cases presents with symptoms (gross hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass, constitutional symptoms) [3,6].
Genetics
DNA diploidy is seen in 96% of patients with renal oncocytomas.[1][2][3]
The development of renal oncocytoma is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:[4][5][6][7][8][9]
- Deletion of chromosome 1
- Deletion of the sex chromosome
- Translocation of chromosome 11q13
- Sporadic or no chromosomal alteration
Associated Conditions
Conditions associated with renal oncocytoma include:[10][11]
- Familial renal oncocytoma
- Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
Note: Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome is an autosomal dominant syndrome which is presented with different types of dermatologic diseases and renal epithelial tumors such as renal oncocytoma and RCCs.
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, tan to brown surface color , well-encapsulated with a thick, well-defined, fibrous capsule, central scar, and homogeneous appearance without any hemorrhage or necrosis inside it in the tumor cut are characteristic findings of renal oncocytoma.[12][13][14][15][16][17]
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, renal oncocytoma characterized by "oncocytes". They are large, round to polygonal neoplastic cells accompanied by eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and are organized in nested or organoid pattern. Although, renal oncocytoma is benign, atypia, prominent nucleoli, and pleomorphism may seen in microscopic examination.[18][19][20][21][22]
Pathogenesis
- Renal oncocytoma is thought to arise from the intercalated cells of collecting ducts of the kidney.[23]
References
- ↑ M. R. Licht, A. C. Novick, R. R. Tubbs, E. A. Klein, H. S. Levin & S. B. Streem (1993). "Renal oncocytoma: clinical and biological correlates". The Journal of urology. 150 (5 Pt 1): 1380–1383. PMID 8411404. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ J. Hartwick, R. Warren; El-Naggar, Adel K.; Ro, Jae Y.; Srigley, John R.; Mclemore, Donia D.; Jones, Edward C.; Grignon, David J.; Thomas, M. Jane; Ayala, Alberto G. (1992). "Renal Oncocytoma and Granular Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comparative Clinicopathologic and DNA Flow Cytometric Study". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 98 (6): 587–593. doi:10.1093/ajcp/98.6.587. ISSN 1943-7722.
- ↑ L. Fuzesi, B. Gunawan, S. Braun, F. Bergmann, A. Brauers, P. Effert & C. Mittermayer (1998). "Cytogenetic analysis of 11 renal oncocytomas: further evidence of structural rearrangements of 11q13 as a characteristic chromosomal anomaly". Cancer genetics and cytogenetics. 107 (1): 1–6. PMID 9809026. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ L. Fuzesi, B. Gunawan, S. Braun, F. Bergmann, A. Brauers, P. Effert & C. Mittermayer (1998). "Cytogenetic analysis of 11 renal oncocytomas: further evidence of structural rearrangements of 11q13 as a characteristic chromosomal anomaly". Cancer genetics and cytogenetics. 107 (1): 1–6. PMID 9809026. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Presti, Joseph C.; Moch, Holger; Reuter, Victor E.; Huynh, Danh; Waldman, Frederic M. (1996). "Comparative genomic hybridization for genetic analysis of renal oncocytomas". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 17 (4): 199–204. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199612)17:4<199::AID-GCC1>3.0.CO;2-Z. ISSN 1045-2257.
- ↑ van den Berg, E.; Dijkhuizen, T.; Störkel, S.; Brutel de la Rivière, G.; Dam, A.; Mensink, H.J.A.; Oosterhuis, J.W.; de Jong, B. (1995). "Chromosomal changes in renal oncocytomas Evidence that t(5;11)(q35;q13) may characterize a second subgroup of oncocytomas". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 79 (2): 164–168. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(94)00142-X. ISSN 0165-4608.
- ↑ Thrash-Bingham, Catherine A.; Salazar, Hernando; Greenberg, Richard E.; Tartof, Kenneth D. (1996). "Loss of heterozygosity studies indicate that chromosome arm 1p harbors a tumor suppressor gene for renal oncocytomas". Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer. 16 (1): 64–67. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199605)16:1<64::AID-GCC9>3.0.CO;2-1. ISSN 1045-2257.
- ↑ Dijkhuizen, T.; van den Berg, E.; Störkel, S.; de Vries, B.; van der Veen, A.Y.; Wilbrink, M.; Geurts van Kessel, A.; de Jong, B. (1997). "Renal oncocytoma with t(5;12;11), der(1)t(1;8) and add(19): "true" oncocytoma or chromophobe adenoma?". International Journal of Cancer. 73 (4): 521–524. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19971114)73:4<521::AID-IJC11>3.0.CO;2-C. ISSN 0020-7136.
- ↑ R. J. Sinke, T. Dijkhuizen, B. Janssen, D. Olde Weghuis, G. Merkx, E. van den Berg, E. Schuuring, A. M. Meloni, B. de Jong & A. Geurts van Kessel (1997). "Fine mapping of the human renal oncocytoma-associated translocation (5;11)(q35;q13) breakpoint". Cancer genetics and cytogenetics. 96 (2): 95–101. PMID 9216713. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ G. Weirich, G. Glenn, K. Junker, M. Merino, S. Storkel, I. Lubensky, P. Choyke, S. Pack, M. Amin, M. M. Walther, W. M. Linehan & B. Zbar (1998). "Familial renal oncocytoma: clinicopathological study of 5 families". The Journal of urology. 160 (2): 335–340. PMID 9679872. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ J. R. Toro, G. Glenn, P. Duray, T. Darling, G. Weirich, B. Zbar, M. Linehan & M. L. Turner (1999). "Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: a novel marker of kidney neoplasia". Archives of dermatology. 135 (10): 1195–1202. PMID 10522666. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Moch, Holger; Cubilla, Antonio L.; Humphrey, Peter A.; Reuter, Victor E.; Ulbright, Thomas M. (2016). "The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs—Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours". European Urology. 70 (1): 93–105. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2016.02.029. ISSN 0302-2838.
- ↑ Amin, Mahul B.; Crotty, Thomas B.; Tickoo, Satish K.; Farrow, George M. (1997). "Renal Oncocytoma: A Reappraisal of Morphologic Features with Clinicopathologic Findings in 80 Cases". The American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 21 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1097/00000478-199701000-00001. ISSN 0147-5185.
- ↑ Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Hamed, Ghiath; Campbell, Steve; Erlandson, Robert; Russo, Paul; Gaudin, Paul; Reuter, Victor (1997). American Journal of Surgical Pathology. 21 (8): 871–883. doi:10.1097/00000478-199708000-00001. ISSN 0147-5185. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Trpkov, Kiril; Yilmaz, Asli; Uzer, Dina; Dishongh, Kristin M; Quick, Charles M; Bismar, Tarek A; Gokden, Neriman (2010). "Renal oncocytoma revisited: a clinicopathological study of 109 cases with emphasis on problematic diagnostic features". Histopathology. 57 (6): 893–906. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03726.x. ISSN 0309-0167.
- ↑ B. Perez-Ordonez, G. Hamed, S. Campbell, R. A. Erlandson, P. Russo, P. B. Gaudin & V. E. Reuter (1997). "Renal oncocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases". The American journal of surgical pathology. 21 (8): 871–883. PMID 9255250. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ F. Bertoni, C. Ferri, P. Bacchini, G. Corrado, A. Benati, D. Mannini & F. Corrado (1989). "Oncocytoma and low-grade oncocytic carcinoma of the kidney". European urology. 16 (2): 101–109. PMID 2714326.
- ↑ B. Perez-Ordonez, G. Hamed, S. Campbell, R. A. Erlandson, P. Russo, P. B. Gaudin & V. E. Reuter (1997). "Renal oncocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases". The American journal of surgical pathology. 21 (8): 871–883. PMID 9255250. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Barnes, C. Allan; Beckman, Edwin N. (1983). "Renal Oncocytoma and Its Congeners". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 79 (3): 312–318. doi:10.1093/ajcp/79.3.312. ISSN 1943-7722.
- ↑ H. Choi, U. A. Almagro, J. T. McManus, D. H. Norback & S. C. Jacobs (1983). "Renal oncocytoma. A clinicopathologic study". Cancer. 51 (10): 1887–1896. PMID 6831354. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ M. B. Amin, T. B. Crotty, S. K. Tickoo & G. M. Farrow (1997). "Renal oncocytoma: a reappraisal of morphologic features with clinicopathologic findings in 80 cases". The American journal of surgical pathology. 21 (1): 1–12. PMID 8990136. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ J. N. Eble & M. T. Hull (1984). "Morphologic features of renal oncocytoma: a light and electron microscopic study". Human pathology. 15 (11): 1054–1061. PMID 6490001. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Velasquez G, Glass TA, D'Souza VJ, Formanek AG (1984). "Multiple oncocytomas and renal carcinoma". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 142 (1): 123–4. doi:10.2214/ajr.142.1.123. PMID 6606945.