Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy: Difference between revisions

	Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia Microchapters
Home
Overview
Historical perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy
CDC on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy
Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy in the news
Blogs on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy
Directions to Hospitals Treating Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia medical therapy

← Older edit Newer edit →

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 15:58, 28 June 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.

OR

Supportive therapy for [disease name] includes [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and [therapy 3].

OR

The majority of cases of [disease name] are self-limited and require only supportive care.

OR

[Disease name] is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment.

OR

The mainstay of treatment for [disease name] is [therapy].

OR The optimal therapy for [malignancy name] depends on the stage at diagnosis.

OR

[Therapy] is recommended among all patients who develop [disease name].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapy is recommended among patients with [disease subclass 1], [disease subclass 2], and [disease subclass 3].

OR

Pharmacologic medical therapies for [disease name] include (either) [therapy 1], [therapy 2], and/or [therapy 3].

OR

Empiric therapy for [disease name] depends on [disease factor 1] and [disease factor 2].

OR

Patients with [disease subclass 1] are treated with [therapy 1], whereas patients with [disease subclass 2] are treated with [therapy 2].

Medical Therapy

Dose reduction, lengthening the interval between drug administration, and ultimately drug withdrawal, if necessary, appear to be the most effective strategy.^[1]

^[2] ^[3] ^[4]^[5] ^[6]

This strategy does not seem to affect the effectiveness of capecitabine ^[7] ^[8]^[5] ^[9] , however, for other drug regimens this might affect efficacy.^[10]

Specific treatments include:
- Cooling the extremities during drug administration (docetaxel , liposome encapsulated doxorubicin^24,104)

· Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)^105-107 (fluorouracil^27,30,40,108, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin^25,50,95, doxorubicin, docetaxel, capecitabine¹⁰⁹, etoposide⁵³)

· Potent topical corticosteroids¹¹⁰ (liposome encapsulated doxorubicin⁹⁵, docetaxel¹⁶, cisplatin⁴⁸, fluorouracil^105,111): the best results have been demonstrated when used in conjunction with cold compresses and emollients.

· Oral corticosteroids (cytarabine¹¹², doxorubicin, fluorouracil¹¹¹, liposome encapsulated doxorubicin¹¹³, bleomycin⁵, and methotrexate^60,114, vinorelbine⁷¹); premedication?

· Topical 99% dimethyl-sulfoxide: 4 times daily for 14 days (liposome encapsulated doxorubicin¹¹⁵)

Disease Name

1 Stage 1 - Name of stage
- 1.1 Specific Organ system involved 1
  - 1.1.1 Adult
    - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 100 mg PO q12h for 10-21 days (Contraindications/specific instructions)
    - Preferred regimen (2): drug name 500 mg PO q8h for 14-21 days
    - Preferred regimen (3): drug name 500 mg q12h for 14-21 days
    - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 7–10 days
    - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 500 mg PO q12h for 14–21 days
    - Alternative regimen (3): drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 14–21 days
  - 1.1.2 Pediatric
    - 1.1.2.1 (Specific population e.g. children < 8 years of age)
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50 mg/kg PO per day q8h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Preferred regimen (2): drug name 30 mg/kg PO per day in 2 divided doses (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name10 mg/kg PO q6h (maximum, 500 mg per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (3): drug name 12.5 mg/kg PO q6h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
    - 1.1.2.2 (Specific population e.g. 'children < 8 years of age')
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 4 mg/kg/day PO q12h（maximum, 100 mg per dose）
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 10 mg/kg PO q6h (maximum, 500 mg per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (3): drug name 12.5 mg/kg PO q6h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
- 1.2 Specific Organ system involved 2
  - 1.2.1 Adult
    - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q8h
  - 1.2.2 Pediatric
    - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50 mg/kg/day PO q8h (maximum, 500 mg per dose)

2 Stage 2 - Name of stage
- 2.1 Specific Organ system involved 1
  Note (1):
  
  Note (2):
  
  Note (3):
  - 2.1.1 Adult
    - Parenteral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 2 g IV q24h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 2 g IV q8h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 (14–21) days
    - Oral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q8h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Preferred regimen (2): drug name 100 mg PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Preferred regimen (3): drug name 500 mg PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 7–10 days
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 500 mg PO q12h for 14–21 days
      - Alternative regimen (3):drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 14–21 days
  - 2.1.2 Pediatric
    - Parenteral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50–75 mg/kg IV q24h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 2 g)
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 6 g per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 18–24 million U per day) '(Contraindications/specific instructions)'
    - Oral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50 mg/kg/day PO q8h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Preferred regimen (2): drug name (for children aged ≥ 8 years) 4 mg/kg/day PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 100 mg per dose)
      - Preferred regimen (3): drug name 30 mg/kg/day PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 10 mg/kg PO q6h 7–10 days (maximum, 500 mg per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 14–21 days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (3): drug name 12.5 mg/kg PO q6h for 14–21 days (maximum,500 mg per dose)
- 2.2 'Other Organ system involved 2'
  Note (1):
  
  Note (2):
  
  Note (3):
  - 2.2.1 Adult
    - Parenteral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 2 g IV q24h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 2 g IV q8h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 18–24 MU/day IV q4h for 14 (14–21) days
    - Oral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q8h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Preferred regimen (2): drug name 100 mg PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Preferred regimen (3): drug name 500 mg PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 7–10 days
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 500 mg PO q12h for 14–21 days
      - Alternative regimen (3):drug name 500 mg PO q6h for 14–21 days
  - 2.2.2 Pediatric
    - Parenteral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50–75 mg/kg IV q24h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 2 g)
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 150–200 mg/kg/day IV q6–8h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 6 g per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 200,000–400,000 U/kg/day IV q4h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 18–24 million U per day)
    - Oral regimen
      - Preferred regimen (1): drug name 50 mg/kg/day PO q8h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Preferred regimen (2): drug name 4 mg/kg/day PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 100 mg per dose)
      - Preferred regimen (3): drug name 30 mg/kg/day PO q12h for 14 (14–21) days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (1): drug name 10 mg/kg PO q6h 7–10 days (maximum, 500 mg per day)
      - Alternative regimen (2): drug name 7.5 mg/kg PO q12h for 14–21 days (maximum, 500 mg per dose)
      - Alternative regimen (3): drug name 12.5 mg/kg PO q6h for 14–21 days (maximum,500 mg per dose)

References

↑ Lassere Y, Hoff P (2004). "Management of hand-foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine (Xeloda)". Eur J Oncol Nurs. 8 Suppl 1: S31–40. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2004.06.007. PMID 15341880.
↑ Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM (2002). "Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience". Cancer Invest. 20 (1): 3–10. PMID 11853000.
↑ Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T (1987). "Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity". Am J Clin Oncol. 10 (3): 216–8. PMID 3496002.
↑ Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J (1995). "Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy". Cancer. 75 (8): 2169–73. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h. PMID 7697608.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Gerbrecht BM (2003). "Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy". Cancer Nurs. 26 (2): 161–7. PMID 12660565.
↑ Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O (2000). "Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management". Am J Clin Dermatol. 1 (4): 225–34. doi:10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004. PMID 11702367.
↑ Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C; et al. (1999). "Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer". J Clin Oncol. 17 (2): 485–93. doi:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485. PMID 10080589.
↑ Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M; et al. (2002). "First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin". Ann Oncol. 13 (4): 566–75. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf089. PMID 12056707.
↑ O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G; et al. (2002). "Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results". J Clin Oncol. 20 (12): 2812–23. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002. PMID 12065558.
↑ Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG (1989). "A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study". J Clin Oncol. 7 (4): 425–32. doi:10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425. PMID 2926468.

[pmid15341880-1] Lassere Y, Hoff P (2004). "Management of hand-foot syndrome in patients treated with capecitabine (Xeloda)". Eur J Oncol Nurs. 8 Suppl 1: S31–40. doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2004.06.007. PMID 15341880.

[pmid11853000-2] Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM (2002). "Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience". Cancer Invest. 20 (1): 3–10. PMID 11853000.

[pmid3496002-3] Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T (1987). "Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity". Am J Clin Oncol. 10 (3): 216–8. PMID 3496002.

[pmid7697608-4] Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J (1995). "Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy". Cancer. 75 (8): 2169–73. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h. PMID 7697608.

[pmid12660565-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Gerbrecht BM (2003). "Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy". Cancer Nurs. 26 (2): 161–7. PMID 12660565.

[pmid11702367-6] Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O (2000). "Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management". Am J Clin Dermatol. 1 (4): 225–34. doi:10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004. PMID 11702367.

[pmid10080589-7] Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C; et al. (1999). "Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer". J Clin Oncol. 17 (2): 485–93. doi:10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485. PMID 10080589.

[pmid12056707-8] Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M; et al. (2002). "First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin". Ann Oncol. 13 (4): 566–75. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf089. PMID 12056707.

[pmid12065558-9] O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G; et al. (2002). "Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results". J Clin Oncol. 20 (12): 2812–23. doi:10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002. PMID 12065558.

[pmid2926468-10] Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG (1989). "A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study". J Clin Oncol. 7 (4): 425–32. doi:10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425. PMID 2926468.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 <ref name="pmid11853000">{{cite journal| author=Abushullaih S, Saad ED, Munsell M, Hoff PM| title=Incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine: a single-institution experience. | journal=Cancer Invest | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-10 | pmid=11853000 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11853000  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid3496002">{{cite journal| author=Hansen RM, Quebbeman EJ, Ritch PS, Frick J, Anderson T| title=Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and pulse methotrexate/leucovorin for colorectal adenocarcinoma. A report of excessive toxicity. | journal=Am J Clin Oncol | year= 1987 | volume= 10 | issue= 3 | pages= 216-8 | pmid=3496002 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3496002  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid7697608">{{cite journal| author=Gordon KB, Tajuddin A, Guitart J, Kuzel TM, Eramo LR, VonRoenn J| title=Hand-foot syndrome associated with liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin therapy. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 8 | pages= 2169-73 | pmid=7697608 | doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19950415)75:8<2169::aid-cncr2820750822>3.0.co;2-h | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7697608  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid11702367">{{cite journal| author=Nagore E, Insa A, Sanmartín O| title=Antineoplastic therapy-induced palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia ('hand-foot') syndrome. Incidence, recognition and management. | journal=Am J Clin Dermatol | year= 2000 | volume= 1 | issue= 4 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=11702367 | doi=10.2165/00128071-200001040-00004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11702367  }} </ref>
-* This strategy does not seem to affect the effectiveness of capecitabine <ref name="pmid10080589">{{cite journal| author=Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C et al.| title=Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=10080589 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10080589  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12056707">{{cite journal| author=Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M et al.| title=First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 566-75 | pmid=12056707 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdf089 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12056707  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12065558">{{cite journal| author=O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G et al.| title=Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2812-23 | pmid=12065558 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12065558  }} </ref>  , however, for other drug regimens this might affect efficacy<sup>26</sup>.
+* This strategy does not seem to affect the effectiveness of capecitabine <ref name="pmid10080589">{{cite journal| author=Blum JL, Jones SE, Buzdar AU, LoRusso PM, Kuter I, Vogel C et al.| title=Multicenter phase II study of capecitabine in paclitaxel-refractory metastatic breast cancer. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1999 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 485-93 | pmid=10080589 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1999.17.2.485 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10080589  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12056707">{{cite journal| author=Cassidy J, Twelves C, Van Cutsem E, Hoff P, Bajetta E, Boyer M et al.| title=First-line oral capecitabine therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a favorable safety profile compared with intravenous 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin. | journal=Ann Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 13 | issue= 4 | pages= 566-75 | pmid=12056707 | doi=10.1093/annonc/mdf089 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12056707  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12660565">{{cite journal| author=Gerbrecht BM| title=Current Canadian experience with capecitabine: partnering with patients to optimize therapy. | journal=Cancer Nurs | year= 2003 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 161-7 | pmid=12660565 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12660565  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid12065558">{{cite journal| author=O'Shaughnessy J, Miles D, Vukelja S, Moiseyenko V, Ayoub JP, Cervantes G et al.| title=Superior survival with capecitabine plus docetaxel combination therapy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer: phase III trial results. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 12 | pages= 2812-23 | pmid=12065558 | doi=10.1200/JCO.2002.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12065558  }} </ref>  , however, for other drug regimens this might affect efficacy.<ref name="pmid2926468">{{cite journal| author=Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, Philips JA, Fryer JG| title=A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with a conventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1989 | volume= 7 | issue= 4 | pages= 425-32 | pmid=2926468 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1989.7.4.425 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2926468  }} </ref>
 *Specific treatments include: