Hepatopulmonary syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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*[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis. | *[Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis. | ||
*The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis. | *The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis. | ||
* | |||
* | |||
*An increased mortality rate has been observed in patients with HPS. | |||
*Hypoxaemia development and progression is not related to the liver function. | |||
*Unfortunately it has been observed that between 40 to 60 percent of patients with HPS will dye in 2.5 years. | |||
*After adjustment for Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and liver transplantation setting, mortality risk has been observed to be more than twice that of non-HPS patients (hazard ratio 2.41, 95% CI 1.31–4.42). | |||
*Nevertheless, almost always mortality is related to portal hypertension and complications of liver disease not HPS and HPS related causes of death. | |||
*But, the degree of hypoxaemia has been associated with a higher mortality. | |||
*HPS decrease quality of life the patients. | |||
*It is reasonable to anticipate that hypoxaemia impair cognition and contribute as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy. | |||
*A higher frequency of asterixis has been observed in HPS versus non-HPS cirrhotics. | |||
*Coexistence of hepatic encephalopathy could further worsen the prognosis of patients with HPS. | |||
*With liver transplantation, the 5 year survival rate is 74%, which is comparable to patients who undergo liver transplants who do not suffer from hepatopulmonary syndrome.<ref name="pmid15828054">Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ (2005) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15828054 Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation.] ''Hepatology'' 41 (5):1122-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.20658 DOI:10.1002/hep.20658] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/15828054 15828054]</ref> | *With liver transplantation, the 5 year survival rate is 74%, which is comparable to patients who undergo liver transplants who do not suffer from hepatopulmonary syndrome.<ref name="pmid15828054">Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ (2005) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15828054 Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation.] ''Hepatology'' 41 (5):1122-9. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.20658 DOI:10.1002/hep.20658] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/15828054 15828054]</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:34, 19 July 2019
Hepatopulmonary syndrome Microchapters |
Differentiating Hepatopulmonary syndrome from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Soroush Seifirad, M.D.[2]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of hepatopulmonary syndrome include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- Common complications of hepatopulmonary syndrome include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3]
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome is approximately [--]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
- An increased mortality rate has been observed in patients with HPS.
- Hypoxaemia development and progression is not related to the liver function.
- Unfortunately it has been observed that between 40 to 60 percent of patients with HPS will dye in 2.5 years.
- After adjustment for Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score and liver transplantation setting, mortality risk has been observed to be more than twice that of non-HPS patients (hazard ratio 2.41, 95% CI 1.31–4.42).
- Nevertheless, almost always mortality is related to portal hypertension and complications of liver disease not HPS and HPS related causes of death.
- But, the degree of hypoxaemia has been associated with a higher mortality.
- HPS decrease quality of life the patients.
- It is reasonable to anticipate that hypoxaemia impair cognition and contribute as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy.
- A higher frequency of asterixis has been observed in HPS versus non-HPS cirrhotics.
- Coexistence of hepatic encephalopathy could further worsen the prognosis of patients with HPS.
- With liver transplantation, the 5 year survival rate is 74%, which is comparable to patients who undergo liver transplants who do not suffer from hepatopulmonary syndrome.[1]
References
- ↑ Swanson KL, Wiesner RH, Krowka MJ (2005) Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation. Hepatology 41 (5):1122-9. DOI:10.1002/hep.20658 PMID: 15828054