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| __NOTOC__
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| {{Ganglioglioma}}
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| {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}}
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| ==Overview==
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| A ganglioglioma arises from neuronal [[glial]] cells, which are cells of the [[central nervous system]]. On gross pathology, a ganglioglioma varies from being a partially cystic mass with a mural nodule to a solid mass expanding the overlying [[gyrus]]. On microscopic pathology, a ganglioglioma is composed of [[ganglion cells]] and [[neoplastic]] [[glial]] cells with positive staining for [[synaptophysin]], neuronal specific [[enolase]], and [[GFAP]].
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| ===Genetics===
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| Development of ganglioglioma is the result of multiple genetic mutations. Genes involved in the pathogenesis of ganglioglioma include ''p53'' and ''p16''.<ref>Genetics of ganglioglioma. Oxford journals Neuro-Oncology. http://neuro-oncology.oxfordjournals.org/content/9/2/124.full</ref>
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| ===Gross Pathology===
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| *Ganglioglioma is commonly located in the following regions of the [[central nervous system]]:<ref name=dd>Pathophysiology of ganglioglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioglioma</ref>
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| **[[Temporal lobe]] (most common)
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| **[[Frontal lobe]]
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| **[[Parietal lobe]]
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| **[[Occipital lobe]]
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| **[[Thalamus]]
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| **[[Third ventricle]]
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| **[[Spinal cord]]
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| *Their appearance is variable: from a ''partially cystic mass'' with an mural nodule (~45% of cases) to a ''solid mass'' expanding the overlying gyrus.
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| ===Microscopic Pathology===
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| Gangliogliomas are composed of two cell populations:<ref name=dd>Pathophysiology of ganglioglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioglioma</ref>
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| *Ganglion cells (large mature neuronal elements): ''ganglio-''
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| *Neoplastic glial elements (astrocytic): ''-glioma''
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| The glial component determines the biological behaviour of ganglioglioma. Dedifferentiation into high grade tumors may occur, and usually involves the glial component.
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| ===Markers===
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| Neuronal origin is demonstrated by positivity to neuronal markers:<ref name=dd>Pathophysiology of ganglioglioma. Dr Henry Knipe and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioglioma</ref>
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| *[[Synaptophysin]]
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| *Neuronal specific enolase
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| *[[GFAP]]
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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