Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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* NK cells have germline configuration of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes. | * NK cells have germline configuration of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes. | ||
*NK cells originate from a bipotent NK/T-progenitor cell so they have a lot in common with T cells. | *NK cells originate from a bipotent NK/T-progenitor cell so they have a lot in common with T cells. | ||
*NK cells express T-associate markers such as [[CD2]], [[CD3]]<nowiki/>e, [[CD7]], [[CD8]], [[CD16]], [[CD56]], [[CD57]].<ref name="pmid17492716">{{cite journal| author=Stewart CA, Walzer T, Robbins SH, Malissen B, Vivier E, Prinz I| title=Germ-line and rearranged Tcrd transcription distinguish bona fide NK cells and NK-like gammadelta T cells. | journal=Eur J Immunol | year= 2007 | volume= 37 | issue= 6 | pages= 1442-52 | pmid=17492716 | doi=10.1002/eji.200737354 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17492716 }}</ref> | |||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2] Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [3]
Overview
Extra nodal NK-T-cell lymphoma, nasal type, can develop in either T cells or natural killer cells, but most often in the NK cells. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte that is closely related to T cells and attack foreign cells. On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium-sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.[1][2]
Pathophysiology
Physiology
- NK cells are CD3 and myloperoxidase negative on their surface.[3]
- NK cells have germline configuration of T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes.
- NK cells originate from a bipotent NK/T-progenitor cell so they have a lot in common with T cells.
- NK cells express T-associate markers such as CD2, CD3e, CD7, CD8, CD16, CD56, CD57.[4]
Immunotype
- The immunophenotype of NK lymphoma cells is classically positive for CD2, CD56, and cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon.
- They are negative for surface CD3. Unlike normal NK cells, the tumor cells are usually negative for CD7 and CD16.
- They express cytotoxic granule associated proteins granzyme B, T-cell restricted intracellular antigen (TIA-1), and perforin.
Gross Pathology
- On gross pathology, angiocentric and angiodestructive pattern of growth with associated geographical necrosis and ulceration are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
- Coagulative necrosis and apoptotic bodies are frequently encountered.
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells are characteristic findings of extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma.
- The tumor cells are small to medium in size with occasional large and anaplastic forms.
- The lymphoma cells may be admixed with a polymorphic infiltrate of nonneoplastic inflammatory cells including small lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and eosinophils.
References
- ↑ Extranodal Natural-Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ah/2010/627401/. Accessed on February 18, 2016
- ↑ Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Canadian Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/extranodal-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-nasal-type/?region=on. Accessed on February 19, 2016
- ↑ Ham, Maria Francisca; Ko, Young-Hyeh (2010). "Natural killer cell neoplasm: biology and pathology". International Journal of Hematology. 92 (5): 681–689. doi:10.1007/s12185-010-0738-y. ISSN 0925-5710.
- ↑ Stewart CA, Walzer T, Robbins SH, Malissen B, Vivier E, Prinz I (2007). "Germ-line and rearranged Tcrd transcription distinguish bona fide NK cells and NK-like gammadelta T cells". Eur J Immunol. 37 (6): 1442–52. doi:10.1002/eji.200737354. PMID 17492716.