Teratoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The histopathology of teratoma depends on the histological subtype.Teratoma is a germ cell tumor due to abnormal development of pluripotent cells. | The histopathology of teratoma depends on the histological subtype.Teratoma is a germ cell tumor due to abnormal development of pluripotent cells and renmant of primitive node. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
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*Mature teratoma contains a well differentiated tumor with all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).<ref name="El-MaarriRijlaarsdam2015">{{cite journal|last1=El-Maarri|first1=Osman|last2=Rijlaarsdam|first2=Martin A.|last3=Tax|first3=David M. J.|last4=Gillis|first4=Ad J. M.|last5=Dorssers|first5=Lambert C. J.|last6=Koestler|first6=Devin C.|last7=de Ridder|first7=Jeroen|last8=Looijenga|first8=Leendert H. J.|title=Genome Wide DNA Methylation Profiles Provide Clues to the Origin and Pathogenesis of Germ Cell Tumors|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|year=2015|pages=e0122146|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0122146}}</ref> | *Mature teratoma contains a well differentiated tumor with all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).<ref name="El-MaarriRijlaarsdam2015">{{cite journal|last1=El-Maarri|first1=Osman|last2=Rijlaarsdam|first2=Martin A.|last3=Tax|first3=David M. J.|last4=Gillis|first4=Ad J. M.|last5=Dorssers|first5=Lambert C. J.|last6=Koestler|first6=Devin C.|last7=de Ridder|first7=Jeroen|last8=Looijenga|first8=Leendert H. J.|title=Genome Wide DNA Methylation Profiles Provide Clues to the Origin and Pathogenesis of Germ Cell Tumors|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=4|year=2015|pages=e0122146|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0122146}}</ref> | ||
*Mature teratoma may be located in the embryonic fusion midline or paraxial, mediastinum, ovary, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal.<ref name="pmid8008317">{{cite journal| author=Comerci JT, Licciardi F, Bergh PA, Gregori C, Breen JL| title=Mature cystic teratoma: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of the literature. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1994 | volume= 84 | issue= 1 | pages= 22-8 | pmid=8008317 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8008317 }} </ref> | *Mature teratoma may be located in the embryonic fusion midline or paraxial, mediastinum, ovary, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal.<ref name="pmid8008317">{{cite journal| author=Comerci JT, Licciardi F, Bergh PA, Gregori C, Breen JL| title=Mature cystic teratoma: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of the literature. | journal=Obstet Gynecol | year= 1994 | volume= 84 | issue= 1 | pages= 22-8 | pmid=8008317 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8008317 }} </ref> | ||
*Immature teratoma may be due to the malignant tranformation of primitive germ cell layers | *Immature teratoma may be due to the malignant tranformation of primitive germ cell layers and renmant of primive node.<ref name="pmid29798962">{{cite journal| author=Varma AV, Malpani G, Agrawal P, Malukani K, Dosi S| title=Clinicopathological spectrum of teratomas: An 8-year retrospective study from a tertiary care institute. | journal=Indian J Cancer | year= 2017 | volume= 54 | issue= 3 | pages= 576-579 | pmid=29798962 | doi=10.4103/ijc.IJC_294_17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29798962 }} </ref><ref name="pmid21949666">{{cite journal| author=Keene DJ, Craigie RJ, Shabani A, Batra G, Hennayake S| title=Bipartite anterior extraperitoneal teratoma: evidence for the embryological origins of teratomas? | journal=Case Rep Med | year= 2011 | volume= 2011 | issue= | pages= 208940 | pmid=21949666 | doi=10.1155/2011/208940 | pmc=3163403 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21949666 }} </ref> | ||
==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of teratoma include:<ref name="pmid10850452">Kraggerud SM, Szymanska J, Abeler VM, Kaern J, Eknaes M, Heim S et al. (2000) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10850452 DNA copy number changes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.] ''Cancer Res'' 60 (11):3025-30. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/10850452 10850452]</ref> | Genes involved in the pathogenesis of teratoma include:<ref name="pmid10850452">Kraggerud SM, Szymanska J, Abeler VM, Kaern J, Eknaes M, Heim S et al. (2000) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10850452 DNA copy number changes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.] ''Cancer Res'' 60 (11):3025-30. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/10850452 10850452]</ref> | ||
Revision as of 19:34, 4 November 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2]
Overview
The histopathology of teratoma depends on the histological subtype.Teratoma is a germ cell tumor due to abnormal development of pluripotent cells and renmant of primitive node.
Pathophysiology
| Germ cell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pathogenesis | Malignant transformation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mature teratoma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{{ }}} | Tumors with primitive embryonic ectoderm, mesoderm, and/or endoderm differentiation | {{{ }}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{{ }}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Immature teratoma | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pathogenesis
- Mature teratoma arises from a pathological transformation of primordial germ cell during the develompment.[1][2]
- Mature teratoma comes from a single germ cell tumor after first phase of meiosis and failure of meiosis type II.[3][4]
- Mature teratoma contains a well differentiated tumor with all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm).[2]
- Mature teratoma may be located in the embryonic fusion midline or paraxial, mediastinum, ovary, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal.[5]
- Immature teratoma may be due to the malignant tranformation of primitive germ cell layers and renmant of primive node.[6][7]
Genetics
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of teratoma include:[8]
- Gain of part or all chromosomes
- 1p
- 16p
- 19
- 22q
Associated conditions
Conditions associated with teratoma include:
Gross and microscopy pathology
The gross and microscopy features of teratoma are described below:[12][13][14][6]
| Types | Gross pathology | Microscopic pathology | Images |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mature teratoma |
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| Immature teratoma |
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| Monodermal teratoma |
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References
- ↑ Vural, F.; Vural, B.; Paksoy, N. (2015). "Vaginal teratoma: A case report and review of the literature". Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 35 (7): 757–758. doi:10.3109/01443615.2015.1004525. ISSN 0144-3615.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 El-Maarri, Osman; Rijlaarsdam, Martin A.; Tax, David M. J.; Gillis, Ad J. M.; Dorssers, Lambert C. J.; Koestler, Devin C.; de Ridder, Jeroen; Looijenga, Leendert H. J. (2015). "Genome Wide DNA Methylation Profiles Provide Clues to the Origin and Pathogenesis of Germ Cell Tumors". PLOS ONE. 10 (4): e0122146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122146. ISSN 1932-6203.
- ↑ Linder, David; McCaw, Barbara Kaiser; Hecht, Frederick (1975). "Parthenogenic Origin of Benign Ovarian Teratomas". New England Journal of Medicine. 292 (2): 63–66. doi:10.1056/NEJM197501092920202. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Surti U, Hoffner L, Chakravarti A, Ferrell RE (1990). "Genetics and biology of human ovarian teratomas. I. Cytogenetic analysis and mechanism of origin". Am J Hum Genet. 47 (4): 635–43. PMC 1683780. PMID 2220805.
- ↑ Comerci JT, Licciardi F, Bergh PA, Gregori C, Breen JL (1994). "Mature cystic teratoma: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 517 cases and review of the literature". Obstet Gynecol. 84 (1): 22–8. PMID 8008317.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Varma AV, Malpani G, Agrawal P, Malukani K, Dosi S (2017). "Clinicopathological spectrum of teratomas: An 8-year retrospective study from a tertiary care institute". Indian J Cancer. 54 (3): 576–579. doi:10.4103/ijc.IJC_294_17. PMID 29798962.
- ↑ Keene DJ, Craigie RJ, Shabani A, Batra G, Hennayake S (2011). "Bipartite anterior extraperitoneal teratoma: evidence for the embryological origins of teratomas?". Case Rep Med. 2011: 208940. doi:10.1155/2011/208940. PMC 3163403. PMID 21949666.
- ↑ Kraggerud SM, Szymanska J, Abeler VM, Kaern J, Eknaes M, Heim S et al. (2000) DNA copy number changes in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. Cancer Res 60 (11):3025-30. PMID: 10850452
- ↑ Liang Z, Yang S, Sun X, Li B, Li W, Liu Z et al. (2017) Teratoma-associated anti-NMDAR encephalitis: Two cases report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 96 (49):e9177. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000009177 PMID: 29245365
- ↑ Dalmau, Josep; Gleichman, Amy J; Hughes, Ethan G; Rossi, Jeffrey E; Peng, Xiaoyu; Lai, Meizan; Dessain, Scott K; Rosenfeld, Myrna R; Balice-Gordon, Rita; Lynch, David R (2008). "Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies". The Lancet Neurology. 7 (12): 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. ISSN 1474-4422.
- ↑ Malayev, Yuliya; Alberts, Jared; Verardi, Mary Ann; Mattison, Anissa R.; Imlay, Sherwin (2015). "Immature Teratoma Associated With Anti–N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 115 (9): 573. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2015.116. ISSN 0098-6151.
- ↑ Yayla Abide, Çiğdem; Bostancı Ergen, Evrim (2018). "Retrospective analysis of mature cystic teratomas in a single center and review of the literature". Journal of Turkish Society of Obstetric and Gynecology. 15 (2): 95–98. doi:10.4274/tjod.86244. ISSN 1307-699X.
- ↑ Outwater, Eric K.; Siegelman, Evan S.; Hunt, Jennifer L. (2001). "Ovarian Teratomas: Tumor Types and Imaging Characteristics". RadioGraphics. 21 (2): 475–490. doi:10.1148/radiographics.21.2.g01mr09475. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Ulbright, Thomas M (2005). "Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues". Modern Pathology. 18 (S2): S61–S79. doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800310. ISSN 0893-3952.