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| {{B-cell lymphoma}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| B-cell lymphomas make up most (about 85%) of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in the United States. It develops more frequently in immunocompromised individuals (such as those with [[AIDS]].)
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| == Classification ==
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| B-cell lymphomas include both [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]]s and most Non-Hodgkins lymphomas. They are typically divided into low and high grade, typically corresponding to indolent (slow-growing) lymphomas and aggressive lymphomas, respectively. . The most commonly used classification system is the WHO classification, a convergence of more than one, older classification systems.
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| ===Most common===
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| Five account for nearly three out of four patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma:<ref name="The Lymphomas">{{cite web |url=http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_1161891669.pdf|title=The Lymphomas |accessdate=2008-04-07 |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=May 2006 |format=PDF |publisher=The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society |pages=p. 12}}</ref>
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| *[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]]
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| *[[Follicular lymphoma]]
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| *[[Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma]] (MALT)
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| *[[Small cell lymphocytic lymphoma]] (overlaps with [[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]])
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| *[[Mantle cell lymphoma]] (MCL)
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| ===Rare===
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| The remaining forms are much less common:<ref name="The Lymphomas" />
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| *[[Burkitt lymphoma]]
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| *Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
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| *[[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]]
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| *Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL)
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| *[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] (SMZL)
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| *[[Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma]]
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| *Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
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| *[[Primary effusion lymphoma]]
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| *[[Lymphomatoid granulomatosis]]
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| *T cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma
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| *[[Primary central nervous system lymphoma]]
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| *Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (Primary cutaneous DLBCL, leg type)
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| *EBV positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly
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| * Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with inflammation
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| *[[Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma]]
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| *ALK-positive large B-cell lymphoma
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| *Plasmablastic lymphoma
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| *Large B-cell lymphoma arising in HHV8-associated multicentric Castleman's disease
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| * B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma
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| *B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma
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| ===Others===
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| Additionally, some researchers separate out lymphomas that appear result from other immune system disorders, such as [[AIDS-related lymphoma]]. Classic [[Hodgkin's lymphoma]] and [[nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma]] are now considered forms of B-cell lymphoma.<ref name="urlHMDS: Hodgkins Lymphoma">{{cite web |url=http://www.hmds.org.uk/hl.html |title=HMDS: Hodgkin's Lymphoma |work= |accessdate=2009-02-01| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090304001837/http://www.hmds.org.uk/hl.html| archivedate= 4 March 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
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| == Pathophysiology ==
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| <br />
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| ===Genetics===
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| [[Chromosomal translocation]]s involving the immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH@) is a classic cytogenetic abnormality for many B-cell lymphomas, including [[follicular lymphoma]], [[mantle cell lymphoma]] and [[Burkitt's lymphoma]]. In these cases, The immunoglobulin heavy locus forms a [[fusion protein]] with another protein that has pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic abilities. The enhancer element of the immunoglobulin heavy locus, which normally functions to make B cells produce massive production of antibodies, now induces massive transcription of the fusion protein, resulting in excessive pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic effects on the B cells containing the fusion protein. In [[Burkitt's lymphoma]] and [[mantle cell lymphoma]], the other protein in the fusion is [[c-myc]] (on chromosome 8) and [[cyclin D1]]<ref name="jy">{{cite journal |author=Li JY, Gaillard F, Moreau A, ''et al.'' |title=Detection of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=154 |issue=5 |pages=1449–52 |year=1999 |month=May |pmid=10329598 |pmc=1866594 |doi= 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65399-0|url=}}</ref> (on chromosome 11), respectively, which gives the [[fusion protein]] pro-proliferative ability. In [[follicular lymphoma]], the fused protein is [[Bcl-2]] (on chromosome 18), which gives the fusion protein anti-apoptotic abilities.
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| ===Microscopic Pathology===
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| Shown below is a microscopic image of Hodgkins Lymphoma which is a type of B cell lymphoma.Lymph node FNA specimen(Field's stain) The micrograph shows a mixture of cells commonly seen in Hodgkins lymphoma:
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| *Eosinophils
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| *Reed Sternberg cells
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| *Plasma cells
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| *Histiocytes
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| [[File:800px-Hodgkin_lymphoma_cytology_large.jpg|center|300x300px]]
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| <br />
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| == Treatment ==
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| === Medical Therapy ===
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| *Treatment includes radiation and chemotherapy.
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| *Early-stage indolent B-cell lymphomas can often be treated with radiation alone, with long-term non-recurrence.
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| *Early-stage aggressive disease is treated with chemotherapy and often radiation, with a 70-90% cure rate.<ref name="mmhe">[http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec14/ch177/ch177c.html Merck Manual home edition], Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas</ref>
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| * Late-stage indolent lymphomas are sometimes left untreated and monitored until they progress.
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| *Late-stage aggressive disease is treated with chemotherapy, with cure rates of over 70%.<ref name="mmhe">[http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec14/ch177/ch177c.html Merck Manual home edition], Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas</ref><br />
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Hematological malignancy histology}}
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