Pericardial effusion interventions

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Roukoz A. Karam, M.D.[2]

Overview

The mainstay of treatment for pericardial effusion is pericardial fluid drainage. pericardial fluid drainage is usually reserved for patients with either

Indications

The mainstay of treatment for pericardial effusion is pericardiocentesis. Pericardiocentesis is usually reserved for patients with either:

• a pericardial effusion and evidence of hemodynamic compromise (ie, cardiac tamponade)
  • Urgent drainage of the pericardial effusion for therapeutic (and potentially diagnostic) purposes.
• a pericardial effusion who are hemodynamically stable with no evidence of cardiac tamponade
  • do not require immediate drainage of the effusion for therapeutic purposes
  • sampling of the effusion may be indicated for diagnostic purposes in patients without a clear etiology for the effusion